Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of dietary flaxseed-derived lignan supplement as anti-hyperlipidemic (fatty liver changes) on rabbit liver.Methods: Rabbits were assigned randomly into three groups (five rabbits for each group): group-1, normal diet (negative control); group-2, 1.6 % cholesterol diet for 30 d (positive control) and group-3, 1.6 % cholesterol for 30 d then gave 40 mg/kg/day of pure flax lignan for 14 d.Results: Marked proliferation of fibrous connective tissue infiltrated with mononuclear cells was recorded; congested dilated of sinusoids and fibrosis in the portal area around the proliferation of bile ducts and congested portal blood vessels with the proteinous material in the lumen of bile ducts were also recorded. In other sections, the liver showed large necrotic area replacement with RBCs as well as enlarged foamy hepatocytes with mononuclear cells in narrowing sinusoids were seen. Conclusion:From the results of this study we can conclude that lignan has been used successfully in decreasing the inflammatory cells in congested blood vessels and sinusoids and has decreased the inflammatory cells infiltration in moderate fibrosis in the portal area around the bile ducts of rabbit liver tissue.

Covid -19 is a viral disease play important role in danger pathogens for human, it is infecting on respiratory, hepatic, central nervous systems and gastrointestinal, in addition to that, the triggers included cytokine storm is inflammatory response to viral infection     Therefore, excessive enhance of immune cells lead to new of pro-inflammatory cytokines. COVID-19 interaction with the cardiovascular system on different levels, rising death percent in people underlying cardiovascular state provoking myocardial injury. Respiratory infection varying from   mild  cold to  the severe illness like  as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome the most important coronavirus (COVID-19) complications, however individuals with asymptomatic disease were also suspected of possible infectious transmission, which further adds to the uncertainty of the dynamic of disease transmission in COVID-19 infections, Suppression of  angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) expression by inflammatory cytokines accompanied by the decrease of estrogens and androgens  of the elderly, establish a negative correlation between   ACE2 expression and mortality in other cases may lead to infertility. Early detection by PCR has aided the identification of the pathogen at an early level.  Furthermore, the treatment includes the effectiveness of glucocorticoid drugs (dexamethasone), anti-malaria drug (hydroxychloroquine), azithromycin (antibacterial drug) and favipiravir are all drugs recommended in illness with Covid-19. Remdesivir suppression COVID-19 replication and decreases viral load, alleviates clinical signs and improves pulmonary injury, therefore Remdesivir drug has been used as a compassionate medicine for treating COVID-19 patients.

Herbal medicinal products can contain whole or partially prepared plant components from plant leaves, bark, stems, flowers and seeds.They are administered orally, inhaled or directly applied in the skin. Ruta chalepensis is a wild herb of the Mediterranean region used by many countries in herbal medicine. The existence of bioactive molecules responsible for their pharmacological properties has been shown by phytochemical screening. Results of kidney protective activity of plant. Showed that: for total cholesterol, the effect was dose dependant (50 and 100 mg\kg) in which the plant decreased it in compared to positive and negative groups (162.1±1.83 and 154.6±1.11 mg\dl) compared to (202.1±1.13 and 167.5±2.96 mg\dl) respectively. For total protein, creatinin and albumin the plant also had the ability to keep it near control groups compared to CCL4group.While the results of interaction groups indicated the ability of plant to provide protection against CCL4 damage. the plant possessed the ability to keep testosterone, progesterone and estrogen hormones level near normal in compared to CCL4 treated group (2.96±0.03, 1.93±0.01 and 3.63±0.04 ng\dl); (11.51±4.12, 9.85±2.18 and 11.78±3.42 ng\ml); (29.07±7.21, 30.11±9.11 and 30.67±8.98 ng\ml) for 50,100 mg\kg and negative control respectively. While for interaction group the results showed the ability of plant to counteract the damaged caused by CCL4 (1.67±0.01, 2.54±0.02); (10.42±2.21, 13.65±4.37); (39.74±10.13, 35.45±9.91) for testosterone, progesterone and estrogen hormones in Ruta chalepensis +CCL4 at dose (50 +0.02%) and (100+0.02%) respectively. All results of histo-architecture for kidney and testis showed the ability of plant to counteract any necrosis and abnormality caused by CCL4.

Medicinal plants, have been revealed and used in conventional therapy applies as primeval periods. Plants synthesized many chemicals to be act against insects, fungal infection, different diseases and bacteria. Where the singular plant comprises broadly diverse phytochemicals, but some time these effects may be uncertain. Plantago lanceolata one of the important medicinal plant due to numerous phytochemicals with potential pharmacological actions such as mucilage, glycosides, tannins, minerals such as silica, zinc, potassium etc. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of P. lanceolate to modulate and counteract any damaged induced by methotrexate drug on testis and spleen of albino male mice for that four mice groups were used in study: group I, mice treated with 400 mg\kg of aqueous plant extract, group II, mice administrated with methotrexate drug at a dose of 40mg\kg group III an interaction group between drug and plant. The results indicated the P.laceolata to repair any abnormality and reduce the toxicity of drug and all these activity due to tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid and caffeic acid contents.

Background: Widespread usage of antimicrobial drugs has increased the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and that's why we need new drugs. Lignin and its derivatives considered as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal and antimicrobial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of lignin polymer against the bacteria isolated from clinical samples, and to study the antibiotic resistance pattern using the Vitek system. Materials and Methods: 50 clinical bacterial samples were collected from two hospitals in Baghdad city. All the isolates of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were subjected to Vitek system to determine the resistance for 12 antibiotics. The Soda lignin polymer had been prepared from the palm tree empty fruit/ Malaysia. The biological activity of lignin polymer against resistant bacteria was evaluated by well agar diffusion method. Results: According to the Vitek system, all the bacterial isolates were multi-resistance to many antibiotics. Lignin polymer dilutions inhibited the growth of some bacterial isolates, and it was more effective in all the concentrations with a good inhibition zone on Pseudomonas aeruginosa which reached to 20mm. Conclusion: Lignin polymer has an antibacterial effect against some pathogenic multidrug resistant bacteria isolated from clinical samples, including urine and wound infection. Lignin polymer was more effective in all the concentrations on the isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with a good inhibition zone.

Background and objective: Glycyrrhiza glabra is one of the useful medicinal plants with increasing demand for (herbal medicines, health products, pharmaceuticals). Glycyrrhiza glabra used in traditional medicine across the world for its ethnopharmacological value. Materials and Method: this study was included the evaluation of the effects of green synthetic nanoparticles of Glycyrrhiza glabra aqueous extract loaded with silver nitrate on antibacterial activity and anti-inflammatory activity through burn healing effect. The antibacterial activity of green synthetic silver nanoparticles was studied against one type of Gram-negative (E.coli) and Gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus). Also, the effects of burns healing effect of green synthetic silver nanoparticle was evaluated using albino male mice. The activity of green synthetic nanoparticle at (1.5mM) was investigated in compared with sliver sulfadiazine as positive control and negative control mice (without any treatment) by determining days require for healing. Results: the result showed that different nanoparticles concentrations (1, 1.5, 1.75, 2 mM) can inhibit the bacterial isolate with varying zones of (17, 20, 12,17mm) for Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus) and (10, 22, 10, 22mm) for Gram-negative (E.coli) at (1, 1.5, 1.75, 2mM) respectively. Also, the results showed that green synthetic nanoparticle could heal burns in 12 day compared to 14 days for sliver sulfadiazine and 18 days for negative control. Conclusion: green synthetic nanoparticle possessed antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity due to active constituents of plant.

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