This study focuses on endoscopic and pathologic alterations of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders of Iranian patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Nineteen of 39 CVID patients (48%) had GI complaints. The most common symptom was chronic diarrhea (28%). In endoscopic examination of small intestines, 15 patients had no abnormal finding. Duodenal biopsy revealed villous atrophy in eight and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in three patients. There was no statistically significant difference between patients with and patients without duodenal villous atrophy regarding the presence of chronic diarrhea, anemia, and absolute CD4+T cells. In three patients, biopsies of the colon showed chronic noncrypt-destructive colitis. GI problems pose a high morbidity to CVID patients and are second only to respiratory complications. CVID patients are at increased risk of infectious and inflammatory conditions in the GI tract. Early diagnosis of these complications improves the quality of life and well-being of patients.
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of fenugreek seed meal (FKSM) on growth performance, blood haematological and biochemical factors, survival and stress resistance of the common carp (2.46 AE 0.06 g) fingerlings.Four practical diets containing 0 (control), 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% FKSM were used to feed fish. Fish were fed on the tested diets at a rate of 3% of body weight for 8 weeks. Results indicated that fish fed the control diet had a significantly lower weight gain, specific growth rate and condition factor compared to the other treatments (P < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio decreased significantly in fish fed diets containing FKSM. There were no significant differences in glucose levels, red blood cell count, haematocrit and haemoglobin between treatment groups and the control group (P > 0.05). Significantly lower white blood cells count was observed in fish treatment with FKSM when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The cholesterol level in group fed supplemented diet by 1% fenugreek significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). Total protein levels were significantly higher in all treatments compared to the control (P < 0.05). No mortality was recorded during the feeding trial. In salinity stress experiment, highest survival rate belong to fish fed supplemented diet by 1% fenugreek. These results indicate that FKSM can be considered as a beneficial dietary supplement for improving the growth performance and blood indices of common carp fingerling.
This study was carried out to show the effects of Sangrovit on growth, blood biochemical parameters, survival and resistance to salinity stress in the Caspian roach. Fish (1.24 AE 0.13 g) were divided into four groups fed diets containing Sangrovit at different levels: 0 (control), 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15% for 45 days. The results showed that there was a significant increase in final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate in those fish fed 0.15% Sangrovit diets compared with the control (P < 0.05). Food conversion rate of fish fed 0.05% Sangrovit diet was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the control group. Condition factor was not significantly affected by Sangrovit dosage (P > 0.05). The blood glucose and cholesterol levels were significantly lower in treated groups compared with the control (P < 0.05). The highest total protein was obtained in the 0.15% group and it was significantly higher than in all other groups (P < 0.05). Challenges were carried out after 45 days of feeding, to determine the effect of Sangrovit on resistance to salinity stress. Blood samples were obtained four times after challenge (day 1, 3, 5 and 7) for evaluate haematocrit levels. On the first day, haematocrit increased significantly in all groups compared to day 5 and 7 (P < 0.05). The haematocrit levels decreased gradually in all groups from the third day. Before and after stress, no differences were observed for survival rate among the experimental diets (P > 0.05). These results indicate that the inclusion of 0.15% Sangrovit in the diet of the Caspian roach enhances feed efficiency, fish growth and blood biochemical parameters.
Polypyrrole (PPy) is one of the attractive conducting polymers that have been investigated as energy storage materials in devices like supercapacitors. Previously, we have reported a free-standing soft PPy membrane synthesized through interfacial polymerization in which methyl orange (MO) and ferric chloride were used as nano template and oxidant. In this work, we report that the presence of MO and the treatment of the PPy–MO membrane with sulfuric acid can dramatically increase the specific capacitance of the membrane. The properties of the membranes were evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) for morphology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for chemistry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for thermal stability, and cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for electrochemical activity. It was found that the areal specific capacitance of the PPy membrane increased from 2226 mF/cm2 to 6417 mF/cm2 and the charge transfer resistivity decreased from about 17 Ω to 3 Ω between 10,000 and 0.1 Hz due to the presence of MO and the acid treatment. It is likely that the superposition effect of MO and acid treatment helped the charge transfer process and consequently enhanced the charge storage performance and specific capacitance of the PPy membrane.
A convenient, environmentally friendly and mild green synthesis of imidazolidine-2-thiones, hydantoin and thiohydantoin derivatives was developed by the one-pot reaction of benzils, urea or thiourea derivatives, and strong base at with grinding. The key advantages are the short reaction times, excellent yields, simple workup, and easy purification in the solvent-free condition. The present method aimed to overcome the limitations and drawbacks of the reported methods such as hard work-up, low yield, hazardous solvent and long reaction time.
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