Abstract:In the present report, clinical, pathological, and cytogenetic examinations of a one-day-old male German Holstein calf with atresia ani, hypospadia and rudimentary external genitalia (HYP-AA) and a six-months-old male German Holstein calf with hypospadia and rudimentary external genitalia (HYP) are presented. In the first case (HYP-AA), an anal orifice was missing. The urethra opened in the perineum. Consequently, the inguinal region was infiltrated with urine. A secondary finding was a vesicle at the anal area with a diameter of approximately 10 cm. Histopathological examination of the anal area of the HYP-AA-calf showed a necrotizing dermatitis with multifocal acute bleedings and diffuse oedema. In addition, an interstitial pneumonia and urethritis were identified. In the clinical examination of the second case (HYP), a penile and preputial aplasia, an incomplete ventral covering by skin and a bifid scrotum were found. Histopathological examination of the HYP-calf revealed a urethritis with epithelial hyperplasia in the urethra and a follicular hyperplasia of the lymph nodes. The HYP-calf had normally developed testicles. However, there was no active spermatogenesis. The inbreeding coefficient for the HYP-AA-calf was 0.684% and for the HYP-calf 5.273% and both affected calves had one ancestor in common, a Holstein bull used in artificial insemination. In conclusion the congenital anomalies of the two cases might be due to mutations transmitted by the common ancestor. İki Alman Holştayn Buzağıda Atresia Ani, Hypospadia ve Gelişmemiş Dış Genital Organlar OlgusuÖz: Bu raporda, klinik, patolojik ve sitogenetik muayenelerinin yapıldığı Atreziya ani, hypospadia ve gelişmemiş dış genital organlar ile karakterize bir günlük erkek Alman Holştayn buzağı (HYP-AA) ile Hypospadia ve rudumenter dış genital organlar ile karakterize altı aylık erkek bir Alman Holştayn buzağı (HYP) sunulmuştur. İlk olguda (HYP-AA) anüs oluşmamıştı. İdrar yolu perineuma açılmıştı; bunun sonucu olarak, kasık bölgesinden idrar süzülüyordu. İkinci bulgu olarak, yaklaşık 10 cm'lik bir çapa sahip olan anal bölgede bir vezikül oluşumu vardı. HYP-AA-nın anal bölgesinde yapılan histopatolojik incelemede multifokal akut kanama ve yaygın ödemli nekrotizan dermatit odaklar görüldü. Klinik olarak, interstisyel pnömoni ve üretritis tespit edilmiştir. İkinci olguda ise (HYP), bir penil ve prepusyal aplazi, ventral tarafı deri tarafından kaplanmamış bifid skrotum olgusu görüldü. HYP-nin histopatolojik incelemesinde üretra epitelinde hiperplazi ve lenf nodularında foliküler hiperplazi ve üretritis gözlemlendi. HYP-nin testisi normal gelişmiş, ancak aktif spermatogenez görülmedi. HYP-AA için akrabalık katsayısı % 0.684 ve HYP-için % 5.273 ve her iki buzağının babaları ortakdı. Sonuç olarak iki olguda da meydana gelen konjenital anomaliler ortak boğa tarafından iletilen mutasyonlara bağlı olabilir.

In this article, a case of an amorphus globosus is presented. A three years old White Galloway dam gave birth in her second pregnancy a normal calf and a malformed amorphic co-twin. The malformed co-twin was slightly flattened with an ovoid covered by white hairy skin form of 21.0x10.0x6.0 cm in size and a weight of 1600 g. The present case had an umbilical cord like structure of 20 cm in length and 2-3 cm in diameter. A small opening, resembling am oral structure, contain a tongue-like structure with lips and three milk teeth. Histological examination showed a solid mass of connective tissue, skeletal muscles, lymph, arterial vessel and glandular units and focal by cartilage tissue. The radiography clearly showed lower-upper jaw, small bone similar to a tail-like-structure and a cartilage tissue. The inbreeding coefficient of the case was 6.25% due to a common ancestor on the maternal and paternal side. This is the first report on amorphus globosus in White Galloway cattle including pathological, histopathological, radiological findings and pedigree analysis.

In this study, A two-days-old female German Holstein twin calf borned with cranial defect. The calf was died shortly after the clinical examination and performed necropsy. Pathological-anatomical examination showed multiple malformations including hydrocephalus internus and cerebellar hypoplasia, syringomyelia in the cervical and proximal part of the thoracic spinal cord, hydromyelia in the distal part of the thoracic spinal cord. Additionally, scoliosis was seen between the fifth and seventh thoracic vertebral locus and bilateral keratitis were observed. Its male co-twin calf with brachyury and also dam of the twins were positive for Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) antibodies by ELİSA Test. We descript congenital malformations in German Holstein Twin on the pathological-anatomical examination in detail associated with BVD Infection in this case report. İkiz alman Holştayn buzağıda kongenital anormallikler ÖZ Bu çalışmamızda, iki günlük yaşta ve farklı cinsiyette ikiz Alman Holştayn buzağılarda bazı konjenital anomaliler tespit edildi. Dişi olan buzağı kraniyal defekt ile dünyaya geldi. Buzağı klinik muayeneden kısa bir süre sonra öldü ve nekropsi muayenesi yapıldı. Patolojik-anatomik muayenede hidrosefali internus ve serebellar hipoplazisi, torasik omuriliğin servikal ve proksimal kısmında siringomyeli, torasik omuriliğin distal kısmında hidromyelia gibi birçok malformasyon saptandı. Ek olarak beşinci ve yedinci torasik vertebra lokusu arasında skolyoz görüldü ve bilateral keratit gözlendi. Bracyury (Kısa Kuyruklu) erkek olan ikiz buzağı ve ikizlerin annesi olan inek, ELİSA Testiyle Bovine viral diyare (BVD) antikorları için pozitif sonuç bulundu. Bu olgu sunumunda, Alman Holstein İkiz Buzağılarda'ki patolojik-anatomik muayenede BVD Enfeksiyonu ile ilişkili olabilecek konjenital malformasyonları tanımladık.

The study was conducted to investigate some reproductive traits of Holstein cattle inseminated with imported sexed male Belgian Blue semen and the growth characteristics of calves in Aydın province of Turkey. Totally 82 Holstein cattle including 29 heifers and 53 cows were inseminated. After the inseminations, some reproductive (the number of insemination per conception, conception rate, the dystocia rate, the rate of stillbirth) values were determined in the enterprises. The birth weights of the male calves were determined and in the following periods, the chest girth and body length values were determined for 6 months of age. In the study, it was observed that the average age of the first insemination was 14.05 months for heifers and 38.11 months for cows (P < 0:05). While more than half of the cows (52.08%) became pregnant in the first insemination, a great majority of the pregnancies (69.03%) of heifers occurred in the second inseminations (P < 0:05). The number of inseminations per conception were 2.13 and 1.79 for heifers and cows, respectively. While the conception rate was determined as 47.76% and 55.62% for heifers and cows respectively, dystocia rate were 43.10% and 25.75%, respectively. The average birth weight of the male calves were found as 42.75 kg and the 90th and 180th day live weights were 106.22 kg and 154.16 kg, respectively. While, the height at withers, body length and chest girth values were detected as 80.60 cm, 78.28 cm, 81.04 cm at birth, the same measurements were 94.45 cm, 94.22 cm and 109.79 cm; 108.46 cm, 110.88 cm and 129.45 cm for the 90th and 180th day, respectively. The corresponding study has clearly shown that the application in the project can create a dramatical meaning in dairy farms. This application can be used in dairy farms in a certain period to whole herd or a part of it.