Growth and carcass characteristics of Honamlı, Hair, and Honamlı × Hair crossbred goat kids were investigated in this study. Seven kids, having live weights between 25 and 30 kg, were slaughtered. It was found that the live weights of Honamlı, Hair, and Honamlı × Hair kids were 3.90 kg and 27.50 kg, 3.04 kg and 16.91 kg, and 3.58 kg and 22.07 kg at birth and on the 120th day, respectively. Honamlı kids had higher body measurements, as well as birth and live weights, when compared to the other genotypes. While flocks had an important effect (P < 0.001) on all growth periods, the effect of dam age on body measurements was also significant (P > 0.05), except on the 30th day of age. While cold carcass weight was 12.38 kg, 11.41 kg, and 11.81 kg, respectively, for Honamlı, Hair, and Honamlı × Hair (F 1) kids, cold dressing percentage based on empty body weight was 44.72%, 43.71%, and 44.08%, respectively, for Honamlı, Hair, and Honamlı × Hair (F 1) kids. Weights and percentages of long leg, ribs, and shoulders did not have any significant differences between the genotypes (P > 0.05). Fast-growing animals with high meat production could be bred based on the results of this study.

This study was conducted to determine the growth traits, survival rates, and some reproductive traits of Hair kids reared onfarm in Antalya province of Turkey. The data concerning the birth weights of totally 22,817 kids and the 90th day live weights of totally 21643 kids were taken for a 5-year period within the scope of this study. In 37 flocks, the mean birth weights of the kids born in 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 were determined as 3.38, 3.41, 3.26, 3.32, and 3.26 kg, and also the mean live weights of 90th day (weaning) were found as 16.96 kg, 18.33 kg, 17.43 kg, 17.47 kg, and 17.53 by the years, respectively. The differences between the birth year, sex, type of birth, and the dam's age groups were statistically significant in terms of birth weight and 90th day live weight (P < 0.05). The survival rates of the kids on the 90th day were 96.44%, 92.70%, 94.06%, 94.31%, and 97.02% by the years (P < 0.05). In the study, the twin birth rate was 5.1% in general. It was revealed based on five-year data that Hair goats had adaptation to the region and breeding system with their survival rate exceeding 90%.

The study was conducted in order to determine how the slaughter age (SA) and muscle type (MT) affect technological properties and fatty acid composition (FAC) of meat among Linda geese reared under the breeder conditions. A total of 16 male geese were slaughtered in order to determine the technological properties and FAC of meat. It was determined that the effect of SA on pH15 and pH24 (TM), water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss (CL), and drip loss (DL) of the thigh muscle was all statistically significant (P < 0.05). The effect of SA on pH24, WHC, CL, and the 168th-hour DL of pectoral muscle (PM), was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Moreover, the effect of MT on pH15, pH24, WHC, CL and DL in the 12th week and on pH15, pH24, WHC and DL in the 16th week was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). Additionally, the effect of SA on monounsaturated fatty acid (ΣMUFA) of TM and polyunsaturated fatty acid (ΣPUFA) of PM and Σω-6 ratios was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Consequently, it was concluded that SA was better in the 12th week than the 16th week and PM was better than TM. The 16-week TM was better in terms of ΣMUFA, the 12-week PM was better in terms of ΣPUFA and Σω-6, and the 12-week TM was better in terms of Σω-3 amount and ω-6/ω-3 ratio. Therefore, it can be recommended that 12-week-old Linda geese be selected in terms of selected meat traits and FAC of meat.

IntroductionLivestock support in recent years has enabled the introduction of various goose breeds into the Turkish poultry sector. These mainly include two broiler breeds, the Emden and Toulouse, alongside one laying breed, the Chinese goose. Random crossbreeding has been realized especially between Chinese geese and domestic geese; thus, various goose breeds and eggs other than these breeds have also been introduced to the Turkish poultry sector and they have even been reared a little. One of these breeds is the Lindovskaya.The Lindovskaya breed constitutes the majority of the goose population in Russia and was obtained by crossbreeding the domestic breeds from the Nizhny Novgorod region of Russia and breeds from China, including the Adler, Solnechnogorsk, and Gorky. Their number accounts for more than 60% of the country's geese. Lindovskaya was registered as a breed in 1994. They are heavy-bodied birds, and their feathers are generally white. They have a cone-like bump referred to as a knop on their foreheads. This bump is larger in male adult geese than it is in females. A slight swelling or dewlap is seen on their necks. Their body is deep, wide, and long. The average live weight of an adult Lindovskaya goose is 6 to 7 kg; males tend to generally be heavier than females. Females are reported to lay 40 to 50 eggs per year [1] (https://yaroslavskaya.all.biz/en/lindovskiyes-geese).Goose eggs are generally used to obtain goslings and they may be eaten as well, albeit rarely. Thus, identifying the quality traits of eggs of geese in the flock is necessary in order to use them for goslings as well as a food source. Traits such as egg weight, form index, shell weight, shell thickness, shell ratio, surface area of egg shell, shell weight per unit surface area, and shell density are used to identify the external quality traits of the eggs. Dawson and Clark [2] reported that egg weight affected the vitality of goslings as well as their walking/swimming and growth performances in the first 2 weeks. Vargare et al. [3] determined the egg weight of Landes and Hungarian geese as 153.9 and 154.2 g, respectively. The internal quality traits of eggs are identified

Study was conducted to evaluate the dairy characters of Honamlı goats by using ADGA scoring system. For this aim, eight Honamlı goat flocks reared under local breeder condition in Antalya and Burdur provinces were used. Five goats from each flock totally 40 goats with the highest score were defined. Some udder and teat characteristics of these goats were determined during six months (March-August). While Honamlı goats would be given in the acceptable category for dairy character with their numerical final scores (70-79); relatively higher values were detected from the flocks in Antalya province than Burdur ones (P<0.05). The udder characteristics increased in April based on course of lactation of Honamlı goats in the best flocks (Antalya province) were determined as follows, udder depth, udder circumference, udder width, teat length, teat diameter, the distance between teats and the distance to floor from the teat 21.73 cm, 46.97 cm, 17.06 cm, 8.05 cm, 3.08 cm, 14.47 cm and 37.22 cm, respectively. It was thought that results of study were important to be an introduction for following studies that is going to be potential goats having dairy characteristics among Honamlı goats.

The study was conducted to determine growth, slaughter, and carcass characteristics of Lindovskaya geese. While a total of 237 goslings, 101 males, and 136 females were used to determine their growth characteristics, 16 male geese in total were used for the detection of the slaughter and carcass characteristics. Each slaughter group (12 weeks and 16 weeks old) consisted of 8 male geese. It was determined that the effect of sex on body weight values by week was significant (P < 0.05). In addition to this, the body weights of male geese were higher than the body weights of the female geese in all weeks. In the study, it was determined that the effect of the slaughter age on the weights of slaughter, head, blood, intestinal fat, and abdominal fat was significant (P < 0.05). Additionally, the values of the geese slaughtered at 16 weeks were higher compared to the geese slaughtered at 12 weeks. It was detected that the effect of slaughter age on the weight of the hot carcass, cold carcass, neck, breast and back, and other parts were significant (P < 0.05). Moreover, it was concluded that these values increased as the slaughter age increased. As a result, it can be said that slaughter age at 16 weeks was more preferable than at 12weeks under breeder conditions. Additionally, it has been revealed that Lindovskaya geese need to be reared under controlled conditions, with regular care and feeding, to obtain better results.

IntroductionAnimal behavior studies are scientific studies in which any kind of animal activity is observed. However, since there might be differences between species and breeds of animals, it is also needed to consider relationships of animals with each other and their environment in these studies. The fourth out of the 5 fundamental freedoms of animals, which were introduced in 1992 by the Farm Animal Welfare Committee, is about animals exhibiting their normal behaviors. Related studies indicate that animals exhibiting their natural behaviors move around more and have a healthier body structure; therefore, they also live for a longer time (1). Allowing animals to exhibit their natural behaviors is important in terms of meeting their needs (2). When the issue is approached from this perspective, it is significant to reveal goats' patterns of behavior in areas in and around forests found in their natural habitats.Goat breeding in Anatolian geography is observed to be carried out generally in areas in and around forests, as well as lands with inappropriate terrain conditions and areas that are not suitable for plant and animal production (3). Goats have a feeding behavior quite different than other farm animals and can feed on numerous plant species, including bush, brier, and small saplings of maquis (4). Compared to other farm animals, they are more selective when they are both feeding in their feed boxes and grazing (5). Goats, with a very developed ability of adaptation, are able to efficiently utilize bushy grazing lands in every season (6). In addition, some indigestible substances contained by bushes also restrict goats to graze for a long time (7). Goats tend to exhibit grazing behaviors for longer times compared to other ruminants. Even though they consume the forage more rapidly compared to sheep, they have a longer period of grazing. This is associated with the fact that goats are quite active and behave selectively when they are grazing. Goats exhibit numerous patterns of behavior to adapt to adverse effects caused by high temperatures. One of these is reducing feed intake voluntarily. They are observed to graze more at early hours in the morning and at late hours in the evening during warm seasons (8). Goats are also reported to adjust their grazing rates based on hours in a day (9). Differently from other ruminants, goats reach the branches of trees by standing on their hind legs and can eat offshoots, buds, and leaves (bipedal stance) (10). This behavior constitutes a considerably important situation in terms of silvopastoral systems of the Mediterranean region (11). It is reported that goats can

This study was conducted to determine the fertility of Chios x Kıvırcık and Chios x Cine Caparı crossbreed sheep (94 ewes) and the growth characteristics and liveability values of crossbred lambs (62 male kids) under local breeder conditions. The birth and lamb rate and litter size values of Chios x Kıvırcık ewes and Chios x Cine Caparı ewes were detected as 93%, 1.21 and 1.29; 93%, 1.12 and 1.20. respectively. The liveability traits of crossbred lamb for each genotype on the 120th day of age were 81.06% and 84.00%, respectively. The average live weights on birth and 120th day of age were detected as 3.97 kg and 26.89 kg; 3.86 kg and 25.86 kg, respectively. For the same periods, the average of body measurements such as height at withers, rump height, body length and chest girth were detected as 38.08 cm, 38.27 cm, 35.79 cm and 37.76 cm; 59.67 cm, 59.61 cm, 57.18 cm and 74.71 cm respectively for Chios x Kıvırcık lambs and also determined as 37.18 cm, 37.49 cm, 35.36 cm and 36.59 cm; 59.44 cm, 59.30 cm, 56.68 cm and 74.43 cm, respectively for Chios x Cine Caparı lambs. While flocks had an statistically significant effect in generally on all growth periods, except birth; differences between genotypes were statistically significant for the last two measurement periods. It was thought that the animals having higher production levels and also adaptability could be reared in the region with suitable management, breeding and crossbreding systems.