SummaryGenetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male-specific region markers, sex-determining region-Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honamlı, Norduz, G€ urc€ u and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y-chromosomal variants have a more breed-dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.

This study was conducted to determine the growth traits, survival rates, and some reproductive traits of Hair kids reared onfarm in Antalya province of Turkey. The data concerning the birth weights of totally 22,817 kids and the 90th day live weights of totally 21643 kids were taken for a 5-year period within the scope of this study. In 37 flocks, the mean birth weights of the kids born in 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 were determined as 3.38, 3.41, 3.26, 3.32, and 3.26 kg, and also the mean live weights of 90th day (weaning) were found as 16.96 kg, 18.33 kg, 17.43 kg, 17.47 kg, and 17.53 by the years, respectively. The differences between the birth year, sex, type of birth, and the dam's age groups were statistically significant in terms of birth weight and 90th day live weight (P < 0.05). The survival rates of the kids on the 90th day were 96.44%, 92.70%, 94.06%, 94.31%, and 97.02% by the years (P < 0.05). In the study, the twin birth rate was 5.1% in general. It was revealed based on five-year data that Hair goats had adaptation to the region and breeding system with their survival rate exceeding 90%.

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The melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) and inhibin alpha subunit (INHA) genes play a significant role in the reproductive characteristics of animals. Blood samples were collected from 371 goats (Honamli and Hair) reared in Antalya and Burdur. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were digested by RsaI for the MTNR1A gene and HaeII for the INHA gene. Two alleles (A and G) and three genotypes (AA, AG, and GG) were observed for the INHA gene, while two alleles (R and r) and two genotypes (RR and Rr) were observed for the MTNR1A gene. The highest allelic frequency value for G (91.8%) was found in Honamli goat breeds for the INHA gene while the highest value for R (98.1%) was found in Hair goat breeds for the MTNR1A gene. The GG genotype for the INHA gene and the RR genotype for the MTNR1A gene were identified as the most common genotypes of the Honamli and Hair goat breeds. The rr genotype for the MTNR1A gene could not be determined in the breeds. Both Honamli and Hair goat breeds were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the genes that were studied. In conclusion, this study confirms the existence of genetic polymorphism in the MTNR1A and INHA genes as detected by PCR-RFLP analysis in Honamli and Hair goat breeds.