The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of sumac and turmeric on performance, egg quality traits, and blood parameters of laying hens. Forty Lohman Brown hens at 30 weeks of age were distributed into four groups, consisting of five replicates with two hens in each. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Laying hens were fed different basal diets in treatment groups and control groups. The groups consisted of hens fed a basal diet with 0.5% sumac, a basal diet with 0.5% turmeric, and a basal diet with 0.25% sumac + 0.25% turmeric. Hens were given ad libitum access to feed and water during the experiment. The results revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in terms of final body weight, egg production, egg weight, and feed intake after the groups were fed according to the diets as 0.5% sumac, 0.5% turmeric, and 0.25% sumac + 0.25% turmeric. Addition of turmeric increased egg production and egg weight, but reduced the feed conversion ratio compared with the control group. On the other hand, dietary supplementation with sumac decreased egg weight. Shape index, yolk index, albumen index, Haugh unit, and yolk color parameters were also not affected by dietary supplementation of turmeric and sumac. When layers were fed the 0.25% sumac + 0.25% turmeric-supplemented diet, yolk index was higher in number, but Haugh unit and albumen index were lower. Dietary addition of sumac and turmeric does not have any negative influence on performance and egg quality traits of laying hens. Dietary treatments do not significantly affect blood serum cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. With the supplementation of turmeric, AST and ALT levels are higher in number among all the groups. Dietary sumac and turmeric can be added at 0.5% level to laying hen rations without changing animal performance.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) supplementation of ration on performance, egg quality, and serum cholesterol of laying quails during an eight-week period. For this purpose, 96 quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) of 16 weeks of age were evenly separated into one control group and three treatment groups. Each group was divided into four replicates, each containing six quail. The fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare) were added to the diets of the first, second, and third treatment groups at levels of 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9%, respectively. No significant effect of dietary fennel seed supplementation was recorded on body weight, feed intake, egg production, and egg weight. Feed efficiency (kg feed per kg egg) of the 0.6% treatment group was negatively affected by fennel seed supplementation; however, kilogram of feed:dozen egg ratio was not affected when compared with the control group. The effects of dietary treatments on shape index, albumen height, albumen index, Haugh unit, yolk index, yolk colour, blood cholesterol level, and total phenol content of egg yolk had no significance. Dietary fennel seed do not affect the egg quality and blood cholesterol level of laying quail. The amount of 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9% dietary fennel seed supplementation do not have any adverse effect on performance and egg quality of laying quail.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary black cumin seed on performance, egg traits, egg cholesterol content and egg yolk fatty acid composition in laying hens during a 12 week period. For this purpose a total of 160 Lohmann Brown laying hens 36 weeks of age were allocated to four dietary treatments with one control group and three treatment groups. Black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.) was used at the level of 5, 10 and 15 g kg −1 in the diets of the first, second and third treatment groups, respectively.

-The influence of different levels of expanded perlite on the performance and egg quality traits was studied in laying hens. Forty Lohmann Brown females at 30 weeks of age were randomly assigned to four groups consisting of five replicates with two hens in each. Four diet groups were supplemented with 0% (control group), 1%, 2%, and 3% perlite, respectively. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. There were no significant differences in final body weight, feed intake, egg yield, and egg weight. Feed conversion ratio and egg weight decreased with addition of 2% perlite. Dietary perlite supplementation has no significant effects on shape, yolk, and albumen index. Haugh unit was affected significantly by addition of 2% perlite. Fecal pH, dry matter, and NH 3 -N did not significantly differ among treatments. Dietary perlite has no negative effect on performance and egg quality traits except 2% perlite group. Dietary expanded perlite can be added at 1% level in laying hen rations without changing the animal performance.Key Words: egg, performance, perlite, poultry Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

The study was conducted in order to determine how the slaughter age (SA) and muscle type (MT) affect technological properties and fatty acid composition (FAC) of meat among Linda geese reared under the breeder conditions. A total of 16 male geese were slaughtered in order to determine the technological properties and FAC of meat. It was determined that the effect of SA on pH15 and pH24 (TM), water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss (CL), and drip loss (DL) of the thigh muscle was all statistically significant (P < 0.05). The effect of SA on pH24, WHC, CL, and the 168th-hour DL of pectoral muscle (PM), was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Moreover, the effect of MT on pH15, pH24, WHC, CL and DL in the 12th week and on pH15, pH24, WHC and DL in the 16th week was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). Additionally, the effect of SA on monounsaturated fatty acid (ΣMUFA) of TM and polyunsaturated fatty acid (ΣPUFA) of PM and Σω-6 ratios was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Consequently, it was concluded that SA was better in the 12th week than the 16th week and PM was better than TM. The 16-week TM was better in terms of ΣMUFA, the 12-week PM was better in terms of ΣPUFA and Σω-6, and the 12-week TM was better in terms of Σω-3 amount and ω-6/ω-3 ratio. Therefore, it can be recommended that 12-week-old Linda geese be selected in terms of selected meat traits and FAC of meat.

IntroductionLivestock support in recent years has enabled the introduction of various goose breeds into the Turkish poultry sector. These mainly include two broiler breeds, the Emden and Toulouse, alongside one laying breed, the Chinese goose. Random crossbreeding has been realized especially between Chinese geese and domestic geese; thus, various goose breeds and eggs other than these breeds have also been introduced to the Turkish poultry sector and they have even been reared a little. One of these breeds is the Lindovskaya.The Lindovskaya breed constitutes the majority of the goose population in Russia and was obtained by crossbreeding the domestic breeds from the Nizhny Novgorod region of Russia and breeds from China, including the Adler, Solnechnogorsk, and Gorky. Their number accounts for more than 60% of the country's geese. Lindovskaya was registered as a breed in 1994. They are heavy-bodied birds, and their feathers are generally white. They have a cone-like bump referred to as a knop on their foreheads. This bump is larger in male adult geese than it is in females. A slight swelling or dewlap is seen on their necks. Their body is deep, wide, and long. The average live weight of an adult Lindovskaya goose is 6 to 7 kg; males tend to generally be heavier than females. Females are reported to lay 40 to 50 eggs per year [1] (https://yaroslavskaya.all.biz/en/lindovskiyes-geese).Goose eggs are generally used to obtain goslings and they may be eaten as well, albeit rarely. Thus, identifying the quality traits of eggs of geese in the flock is necessary in order to use them for goslings as well as a food source. Traits such as egg weight, form index, shell weight, shell thickness, shell ratio, surface area of egg shell, shell weight per unit surface area, and shell density are used to identify the external quality traits of the eggs. Dawson and Clark [2] reported that egg weight affected the vitality of goslings as well as their walking/swimming and growth performances in the first 2 weeks. Vargare et al. [3] determined the egg weight of Landes and Hungarian geese as 153.9 and 154.2 g, respectively. The internal quality traits of eggs are identified

The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), nutrient content, cell wall components, total and condensed tannin content of kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.) which is the main feed source for goat herds. Kermes oak was exemplified in 3 different stations during a year (12 months). Sampling was made to include leaves, some branches, acorns and young shoots, if any based on season, which were consumed by the goats. The amount of dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), total tannin and condensed tannin content, and IVDMD (by using two-stage technique) were determined on the samples (12 × 3 = 36). Crude protein values were not statistically significant in terms of seasonal averages. On the other hand, it was found that the CF in spring and summer was significantly lower than the CF in winter (P<0.05) and the highest EE during the year was in the autumn (P<0.05). IVDMD of winter season was significantly lower than summer and autumn. (P<0.05). In terms of total tannin content, it was revealed that autumn was significantly lower than winter and spring (P<0.05). It was concluded that the nutritional values and IVDMD of kermes oak were low in the winter season.

Objectives We aimed to develop lipid-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-polymer hybrid nanoparticles, which have high affinity to tumour tissue with active ingredient, a new generation antineoplastic drug, farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTA) for treatment of glioblastoma. Method Farnesylthiosalicylic acid-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-1,2 distearoyl-glycerol-3-phospho-ethanolamine-N [methoxy (PEG)-2000] ammonium salt (PLGA-DSPE-PEG) with or without 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammoniumpropane (DOTAP) hybrid nanoparticles has been prepared and evaluated for invitro characterization. Cytotoxicity of FTA-loaded nanoparticles along with its efficacy on rat glioma-2 (RG2) cells was also evaluated both in vitro (in comparison with non-malignant cell line, L929) and in vivo. Key findings Scanning electron microscopy studies showed that all formulations prepared had smooth surface and spherical in shape. FTA and FTA-loaded nanoparticles have cytotoxic activity against RG2 glioma cell lines in cell culture studies, which further increases with addition of DOTAP. Magnetic resonance imaging and histopathologic evaluation on RG2 tumour cells in rat glioma model (49 female Wistar rats, 250-300 g) comparing intravenous and intratumoral injections of the drug have been performed and FTA-loaded nanoparticles reduced tumour size significantly in in-vivo studies, with higher efficiency of intratumoral administration than intravenous route. Conclusion Farnesylthiosalicylic acid-loaded PLGA-DSPE-PEG-DOTAP hybrid nanoparticles are proven to be effective against glioblastoma in both in-vitro and in-vivo experiments.