In the present study, the effects of dietary supplementation of organic and inorganic Mn, Zn, Cu, and Cr mixtures using two different levels (80, 60, 5, and 0.15 mg/kg and 40, 30, 2.5, and 0.07 mg/kg, respectively) on the bioavailability of these trace minerals and Ca in late-phase laying hens were evaluated. Three hundred and sixty laying hens (Barred Rock) at 50 weeks of age were used, and the duration of study was 16 weeks. Each of the four dietary regimes was randomly assigned to six replicates, which included 15 hens each. Organic trace minerals were provided as methionine chelates; inorganic Mn, Zn, and Cr were provided as oxides; and Cu was provided as sulfate. The organic form significantly increased the concentrations of serum Mn, Zn, Cu, and Ca; egg Mn, Zn, Cu, and Cr; and eggshell Zn and Cr compared with the inorganic form. However, the form of trace minerals did not affect the concentrations of serum Cr and eggshell Mn, Cu, and Ca. High-level addition of trace minerals significantly increased serum Mn and Zn; egg Mn, Zn, Cu, and Cr; and eggshell Mn, Zn, and Cu concentrations compared with low-level addition but did not affect serum Cu, Cr, and Ca or eggshell Cr and Ca concentrations. While the organic form reduced the excretion of Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Ca, the high-level supplement increased Mn, Zn, and Cu excretion. The addition level did not affect Cr and Ca excretion. These results demonstrate that dietary supplementation of an organic Mn, Zn, Cu, and Cr mixture increases the bioavailability of Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Ca compared with inorganic sources and that a lower level of trace mineral supplementation results in lower mineral excretion, particularly in an organic form.

In this study dietary boron at different doses (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg feed) was supplemented to layers from 4 to 64 weeks of age. There was no significant difference between treatments with respect of mortality, egg production, egg weight, egg mass and cracked eggs. Significant increases were observed in body weight as age rose. Body weight was not affected by dietary boron supplementation at 16 and 40 weeks of age. At 64 weeks of age boron additions of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg to the diet resulted in significant lower body weights than that of the control group. Egg quality parameters; albumen height and Haugh units, were improved when 25 or 50 mg boron/kg diet was supplemented above the other treatments. Shape index, shell thickness, shell breaking strength were not affected by treatments, though 25 mg boron/kg diet tended to increase shell breaking strength. Tibia bone strength and phosphorus content in the tibia and femur were not affected by boron supplementation. Boron supplementation at 25 and 50 mg/kg significantly increased femur bone strength, and ash and calcium content of the tibia and femur bones. Concentration of boron in bone increased with the increase in dietary boron.

In this experiment, sodium bentonite (SB) (0.5% and 1%) and mannan oligosaccharide (MOS, 0.1%) were fed to laying hens each receiving approximately 120 ppb total aflatoxin (AF), and were compared to AF contaminated negative control (NC) and control without AF (C) groups. A total of 180 hens at 26 weeks of age from Barred Rock were tested for 12 weeks. No significant differences in liveability, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg quality characteristics except for egg yolk redness (a*) and blood parameters were observed among the groups. When compared NC with C, egg weight, egg mass and body weight gain were decreased. The addition of 0.5% SB (SB-1) increased egg production and egg mass compared to NC and MOS. The addition of 1% SB (SB-2) increased egg mass compared to NC. The AF contaminated diet (NC) caused a significant decrease in a* compared to C. Aflatoxin was not detected in eggs obtained from any of the treatments. Faeces pH was higher in NC than in C, SB-1 and SB-2 and similar to that of MOS. The proportion of dry matter of the faeces in C was higher than that of NC. As a result, SB appears to be more effective than MOS as a toxin-binding agent in counteracting the adverse effects of AF in laying hens. Keywords ÖzetBu araştırmada, yaklaşık 120 ppb toplam aflatoksin (AF) içeren yumurta tavuğu yemlerine sodyum bentonit (SB) (%0.5 ve %1) ve mannan oligosakkarit (MOS, %0.1) ilavesi yapılmış, bu gruplar AF bulaşık negatif kontrol (NC) ve AF içermeyen kontrol (C) grupları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Barred Rock hattından 26 haftalık yaşlı toplam 180 adet tavuk 12 hafta süresince denenmiştir. Gruplar arasında yaşama gücü, yem tüketimi, yem değerlendirme oranı, yumurta sarısı kırmızılık değeri (a*) haricindeki yumurta kalite kriterleri ve kan parametreleri bakımından önemli farklılıklar gözlenmemiştir. Yumurta ağırlığı, yumurta kütlesi ve canlı ağırlık kazancı NC de, C ile karşılaştırıldığında azalmıştır. İlave edilen %0.5 SB (SB-1) yumurta verimi ve kütlesini NC ve MOS gruplarına göre artırmıştır. İlave edilen %1 SB (SB-2) yumurta kütlesini NC grubuna göre artırmıştır. Aflatoksin bulaşık yem (NC) C ile karşılaştırıldığında a* değerinde önemli bir azalmaya sebep olmuştur. Hiçbir grubun yumurtasında aflatoksin tespit edilmemiştir. Dışkı pH'ı NC grubunda, C, SB-1 ve SB-2 gruplarından daha yüksek ve MOS grubu ile benzerdir. Dışkı kuru madde oranı C grubunda, NC grubundan daha yüksektir. Sonuç olarak, bir toksin bağlayıcı ajan olarak SB yumurta tavuklarında AF'nin zararlı etkilerini önlemede MOS'dan daha etkili görünmektedir.

Ertekin B: Effect of corn distillers dried grains with soluble with or without xylanase supplementation in laying hen diets on performance, egg quality and intestinal viscosity. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 24 (2): 273-280, 2018273-280, . DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2017 Abstract A 14-week experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Corn Distillers Dried Grains with soluble (DDGS) with or without xylanase on layers' performance and egg quality traits as well as intestinal viscosity. Four hundred and eighty Atak-S Brown laying hens (32-weekold) were randomly distributed among the eight dietary treatments with six replicates of ten birds each. There was no significant (P>0.05) interaction between DDGS levels and enzyme supplementation for any of the studied parameters (P>0.05). The addition of either 0.0, 10.0, 20.0 or 30.0% DDGS to the diet had no significant (P>0.05) effect on egg production, egg weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, body weight gain, livability, eggshell braking strength, eggshell thickness, eggshell ratio, egg albumen height and haugh unit. The addition of any level of DDGS positively affected egg yolk color. On the other hand, 30% of DDGS in the diet caused a significant (P<0.05) decrease in egg mass. The supplementation of enzyme to diets significantly (P<0.05) increased the percentage of egg production. In addition, enzyme supplementation resulted an overall reduction in intestinal viscosity. So, it can be concluded that up to 20% DDGS can be used in laying hen nutrition without adversely affecting any of performance and egg quality parameters, besides xylanase based enzyme supplementation could improve egg production and decrease intestinal viscosity regardless of the inclusion rate of DDGS. Keywords: Laying hens, DDGS, Xylanase, Egg production, Egg quality, Viscosity Kurutulmuş Damıtma Çözünürlü Taneleri İçeren Yumurta Tavuğu Yemlerine Ksilanaz Enzim İlavesinin Performans Yumurta Kalitesi ve Bağırsak Viskozitesi Üzerine Etkisi ÖzOndört hafta yürütülen çalışmada farklı oranlarda mısır damıtma çözünürleri kurusu (DDGS) içeren yumurtacı tavuk yemlerine ksilanaz enzim ilavesinin performans, yumurta kalitesi ve bağırsak viskozitesi üzerine etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma 32 haftalık yaşta 480 adet ATAK-S kahverengi yumurtacı tavuk kullanılarak 6 tekerrürlü ve her bir alt grupta 10 adet tavuk olmak üzere 8 grupta tesadüf parselleri deneme düzeninde yürütülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda yumurta tavuğu yemlerinde DDGS kullanım seviyeleri ile ksilanaz enzimi ilavesi arasında araştırmada incelenen performans yumurta kalitesi ve incebağırsak viskozitesi parametrelerinin hiçbirinde önemli bir interaksiyon tespit edilmemiştir (P>0.05). Ayrıca yemlerde farklı oranlarda DDGS bulunmasının yumurta verimi, yem tüketimi, yem değerlendirme sayısı, yumurta ağırlığı, yaşama gücü, canlı ağırlık yanında yumurta kabuk kırılma direnci, kabuk kalınlığı, kabuk oranı, albumen yüksekliği ve haugh birimi gibi yumurta kalite kriterleri üzerine de önemli bir olumsuz etkisi bulunmamışken (P>0.05), DDGS varlığı yumurta s...

Summary:This study was conducted to compare the effects of organic or inorganic Mn, Zn, Cu and Cr mixture using two different levels (80, 60, 5 and 0.15 mg/kg and 40, 30, 2.5 and 0.07 mg/kg, respectively) on the performance, egg quality and hatching characteristics of laying breeder hens. The experiment began with a total of 360 hens from Barred Rock line at 50 weeks of age and continued for 16 weeks. Each of the four dietary treatments was randomly assigned to six replicates, which included 15 hens each. Different trace mineral applications did not result in a significant effect on performance parameters such as livability, body weight gain, egg production, egg weight and mass, feed intake, and feed conversion. No significant differences in egg quality parameters such as damaged egg rate, shape index, eggshell rate and thickness, albumen height and haugh unit were observed among the groups. However, the low level of trace minerals resulted in a significant reduction in eggshell breaking strength (P < 0.05). Different trace mineral applications did not show a significant effect on hatching and fertilised eggs ratio. The dietary supplementation of organic (chelated with methionine) Mn, Zn, Cu and Cr at high levels (80, 60, 5 and 0.15 mg/kg, respectively) increased the hatchability of the fertilised eggs and hatchability compared to that of the other groups (P < 0.05).Key words: Breeder hen, egg quality, hatching characteristics, performance, trace mineral. Damızlık yumurta tavuğu yemine organik veya inorganik mangan, çinko, bakır ve krom ilavesinin performans, yumurta kalitesi ve kuluçka özellikleri üzerine etkileriÖzet: Bu araştırma, iki farklı seviyede organik veya inorganik Mn, Zn, Cu ve Cr karışımının (sırasıyla, 80, 60, 5 ve 0.15 mg/kg ve 40, 30, 2.5 ve 0.07 mg/kg) damızlık yumurta tavuklarının performans, yumurta kalitesi ve kuluçka özelliklerine etkilerini karşılaştırmak amacıyla düzenlenmiştir. Araştırma, 50 haftalık yaşta, toplam 360 adet Barred Rock hattı ile başlatılmış ve 16 hafta sürdürülmüştür. 4 ana grup her biri 15 tavuk içeren 6 tekerrüre rastgele dağıtılmıştır. Farklı iz mineral uygulamaları yaşama gücü, canlı ağırlık kazancı, yumurta verimi, yumurta ağırlığı ve kütlesi, yem tüketimi ve yemden yararlanma gibi performans parametreleri üzerinde önemli bir etki göstermemiştir. Yumurta kalite parametrelerinden, hasarlı yumurta oranı, şekil indeksi, kabuk oranı ve kalınlığı, ak yüksekliği ve haugh birimi bakımından gruplar arasında önemli farklılıklar bulunmamıştır. Bununla birlikte, düşük iz mineral seviyesi kabuk kırılma mukavemetinde önemli bir azalmaya sebep olmuştur. (P < 0.05). Farklı iz mineral uygulamaları, kuluçkalık ve döllü yumurta oranları üzerine önemli bir etki göstermemiştir. Organik (metiyonin şelatı) Mn, Zn, Cu ve Cr' un yüksek (sırasıyla, 80, 60, 5 ve 0.15 mg/kg) düzeyleri çıkış gücü ve kuluçka randımanını diğer gruplara göre artırmıştır (P < 0.05). Anahtar sözcükler: Damızlık tavuk, iz mineral, kuluçka özellikleri, performans, yumurta kalitesi.