Effects of dietary organic or inorganic manganese, zinc, copper and chrome supplementation on the performance, egg quality and hatching characteristics of laying breeder hens

Abstract

Summary:This study was conducted to compare the effects of organic or inorganic Mn, Zn, Cu and Cr mixture using two different levels (80, 60, 5 and 0.15 mg/kg and 40, 30, 2.5 and 0.07 mg/kg, respectively) on the performance, egg quality and hatching characteristics of laying breeder hens. The experiment began with a total of 360 hens from Barred Rock line at 50 weeks of age and continued for 16 weeks. Each of the four dietary treatments was randomly assigned to six replicates, which included 15 hens each. Different trace mineral applications did not result in a significant effect on performance parameters such as livability, body weight gain, egg production, egg weight and mass, feed intake, and feed conversion. No significant differences in egg quality parameters such as damaged egg rate, shape index, eggshell rate and thickness, albumen height and haugh unit were observed among the groups. However, the low level of trace minerals resulted in a significant reduction in eggshell breaking strength (P < 0.05). Different trace mineral applications did not show a significant effect on hatching and fertilised eggs ratio. The dietary supplementation of organic (chelated with methionine) Mn, Zn, Cu and Cr at high levels (80, 60, 5 and 0.15 mg/kg, respectively) increased the hatchability of the fertilised eggs and hatchability compared to that of the other groups (P < 0.05).Key words: Breeder hen, egg quality, hatching characteristics, performance, trace mineral. Damızlık yumurta tavuğu yemine organik veya inorganik mangan, çinko, bakır ve krom ilavesinin performans, yumurta kalitesi ve kuluçka özellikleri üzerine etkileriÖzet: Bu araştırma, iki farklı seviyede organik veya inorganik Mn, Zn, Cu ve Cr karışımının (sırasıyla, 80, 60, 5 ve 0.15 mg/kg ve 40, 30, 2.5 ve 0.07 mg/kg) damızlık yumurta tavuklarının performans, yumurta kalitesi ve kuluçka özelliklerine etkilerini karşılaştırmak amacıyla düzenlenmiştir. Araştırma, 50 haftalık yaşta, toplam 360 adet Barred Rock hattı ile başlatılmış ve 16 hafta sürdürülmüştür. 4 ana grup her biri 15 tavuk içeren 6 tekerrüre rastgele dağıtılmıştır. Farklı iz mineral uygulamaları yaşama gücü, canlı ağırlık kazancı, yumurta verimi, yumurta ağırlığı ve kütlesi, yem tüketimi ve yemden yararlanma gibi performans parametreleri üzerinde önemli bir etki göstermemiştir. Yumurta kalite parametrelerinden, hasarlı yumurta oranı, şekil indeksi, kabuk oranı ve kalınlığı, ak yüksekliği ve haugh birimi bakımından gruplar arasında önemli farklılıklar bulunmamıştır. Bununla birlikte, düşük iz mineral seviyesi kabuk kırılma mukavemetinde önemli bir azalmaya sebep olmuştur. (P < 0.05). Farklı iz mineral uygulamaları, kuluçkalık ve döllü yumurta oranları üzerine önemli bir etki göstermemiştir. Organik (metiyonin şelatı) Mn, Zn, Cu ve Cr' un yüksek (sırasıyla, 80, 60, 5 ve 0.15 mg/kg) düzeyleri çıkış gücü ve kuluçka randımanını diğer gruplara göre artırmıştır (P < 0.05). Anahtar sözcükler: Damızlık tavuk, iz mineral, kuluçka özellikleri, performans, yumurta kalitesi.

Effect of supplementing hydroxy trace minerals (Cu, Zn, and Mn) on egg quality and performance of laying hens under tropical conditions

“…This further confirmed that complete replacement of the inorganic form of Cu, Zn, Mg, and Fe by organic form of minerals maintained production performance at dosage 12 times lower as compared to the commercial inorganic level [31]. Supplementation of different amounts of TM combinations (organic or inorganic Zn, Mn, Cu, and Cr) in 50 weeks old laying hens did not lead to any significant differences in feed intake, feed conversion ratio and egg weight among experimental treatments [32]. On the contrary, supplementation of layer diet (38 to 53 weeks of age) with Zn, Mn, and Cu from the metal-amino acid complexes compared with oxide sources of the TM significantly increased (p<0.05) daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio, but simultaneously decreased percentage of broken eggs for the whole experimental period [33].…”

“…Supplementation of inorganic TM at higher levels when substituted with organic sources will not show any remarkable effects on egg quality traits. In contrast, supplementation of lower levels (40 mg/kg diet) of inorganic Zn and Mn significantly reduced eggshell thickness and increased the percentage of broken eggs as compared with same levels of (40;40;7 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, and Cu) metal-amino acid combinations [32]. In the present study also, the supplementation levels of inorganic mineral sources were high, because of which, substitution with HYC minerals had no marked effect on eggshell thickness and percent broken eggs.…”