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The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of participation of particular species of microorganisms, isolated from the uterus of cows with endometritis and from cows without inflammatory lesions of the uterus, in the same postpartum period. The aim of the study was also to examine how long after parturition non-treated endometritis persists. Moreover, antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out of the bacterial isolates dominating in the uterus.

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IntroductionPregnancy is a physiological state in which the immune system undergoes certain changes. On the one hand, by depleting cell defence mechanisms, it favours development and maintenance of the pregnancy. At the same time cells of the immune system ensure resistance to many risk factors, including infectious agents.Material and MethodsThe study was carried out on 24 Polish Konik breed mares which were divided into two equal groups. The first group (group I) included mares living in the reserve. The second group (group II) comprised mares maintained under conventional conditions in the stables. The blood samples were collected for the first time in the perinatal period, i.e. 2 weeks before parturition (trial 0), then within the first 24 h after delivery, and then on 7th and 21st day after foaling. Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte expressing TCD4+, TCD8+, CD2+, and MHC class II antigens was performed.ResultsBefore the delivery, in group I there was a significantly higher CD4:CD8 ratio compared to group II (P ≤ 0.05). Similarly, significantly increased CD4:CD8 ratio in group I was noted within 24 h after parturition (P ≤ 0.001) and it was also observed on 7th day (P ≤ 0.03) and 21st day after foaling (P ≤ 0.02). In the first 24 h after parturition, a significant decline of lymphocytes CD8+ (P ≤ 0.02) was noted. No significant differences in terms of lymphocytes CD2+ and CD3+ were observed. Expression of MHC-II molecules before and after the parturition was higher in group I compared to group II; however, the difference between the groups was not significant.ConclusionThe results obtained indicate that mares living in the reserve display higher activity of cell defence mechanisms.

Flis M., Wrona Z., Nozdryn-Płotnicki Z.Differentiation in body and testes weight as well as sperm quality of male roe deer from the Lublin Upland in the reproductive season Summary The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphology structure of sperm cells and quality of individual male deer obtained in the Lublin Upland during the 2015/2016 hunting season. The comparison included two separate periods of the hunting season resulting from varying physiological processes related to the estrus period of this species. In the first study with regards to the estrus period, males were characterized by an average of 1.6 grams less testicle weight, while body weight was 1.9 kg higher. Increasing the mass of the testicles in the reproductive season proceeded simultaneously with the increase in the share of properly developed sperm cells to the level of 70.6%. During the pre-estrus period, the percentage of spermatozoids with main and secondary defects accounted for almost 60%. Between the compared periods, an approximately 6.8% body weight loss occurred. The highest percentage of properly developed spermatozoids was present in deer aged 4 and 5 years. Regarding the greatest body weight loss in these two age groups, it is indicated that this age is the climax in terms of potential accession to the breeding and effective mating of females and the possibility of fertilization. Analysis of the relationship between body weight and testicle weight showed low and statistically insignificant correlation coefficients (r xy = 0.331-0.393) between those features.