Levels of selected T lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood of mares which experienced early embryonic death

Krakowski, Leszek; Krawczyk, Cezary H.; Wrona, Z.; Dąbrowski, Roman; Jarosz, Łukasz

doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.02.019

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Consequently, during early pregnancy decrease in peripheral level of serum progesterone ends pregnancy in mares. The production of prostaglandins by slight inflammatory reagents in the uterus induces luteolysis and ends pregnancy ( Krakowski et al , 2010 ). The size of an embryo is important in maternal recognition of pregnancy and hence to prevent luteolysis which should be adequate on day 16 in order to produce sufficient interferon-tau ( Mann and Lamming, 2001 ; Robinson et al , 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early embryonic death in Equines and Camelids

Ashraf¹,

Rashid²,

Rasheed³

et al. 2022

Open Vet J

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This paper includes the study about early embryonic death, predisposing factors of early embryonic death and treatment. Early embryonic death refers to the fetal mortality which varies in mare and camelids but most probably not later than 50 days of gestation. This duration may be divided into very early mortality, early mortality, and late embryonic mortality. This also varies in mare and camelids. There are different embryonic, maternal, environmental/external, infectious, and noninfectious factors which lead to early embryonic loss. Diagnosis is very difficult as in most of the cases resorption of fetus occurs, but it is done using ultrasound machine. Unfortunately, there is no treatment to avoid early embryonic mortality. However, new reproductive technologies have increased the service rate in a herd, and efforts are still being made to determine the rate and frequency of camel embryonic loss.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early embryonic death in Equines and Camelids

Ashraf¹,

Rashid²,

Rasheed³

et al. 2022

Open Vet J

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“…As a possible pathomechanism, despite an altered uterine environment, it was suggested that endometritis could be an underlying cause of secondary luteal insufficiency (Ginther et al 1985a). A study of the immunological background of equine EED, which focused on lymphocytes Th1 (subpopulations CD2 + , CD4 + , CD8 + ) and NK cell concentration in peripheral blood, shows the vital role of the immunological system in the process (Krakowski et al 2010). The percentage of the cells mentioned above (as well as their ratio) was significantly higher in the EED group, which indicates the development of an inflammatory reaction in the mares, seen as stimulated lymphocyte Th activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Długołęcka

Tobolski

Janowski

2019

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Early embryonic death (EED) is one of the causes of infertility in the mare. We compared endometrial environment in 9 mares with EED and 13 mares in diestrus phase. Cotton swab (CS), cytobrush (CB) and uterine biopsy (B) samples were obtained for the cytological, bacteriological and histopathological examinations. In the first step we compared CS and CB methods to biopsy as a reference method, as B revealed the highest number of positive results in cytological and bacteriological examinations in both groups. In turn, we also compared cytological, bacteriological and histopathological findings between EED and control animals using the B sampling. Although the differences between these groups were not statistically significant (p≥0.05), there was a tendency to a higher prevalence of subclinical endometritis in the control group, than in the EED group (62% vs 22%). In general, positive bacteriological results were similar in both groups (62% vs 55%), whereas positive cytological results were higher in the control group (62% vs 22%; p≥0.05). In histopathological examination in EED mares endometrial degeneration was better expressed (all mares were with grades IIB and III on the Kenney-Doig scale); however, the differences between both groups were not statistically significant (p≥0.05). We could not confirm a clear difference in uterine environment between the two groups. Moreover, the uterine biopsy seemed to be the most reasonable sampling method for diagnosis of endometrial state.

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“…The immune system is subjected to significant modulation and some haematological and biochemical blood parameters are also changed ( 6 , 30 , 31 ). Following the opinion of many authors, these changes may lead to a decrease in immunity, which may result in an increased susceptibility to infections, and in severe cases may lead to pregnancy loss and post-partum disorders ( 2 , 3 , 16 , 18 ). Furthermore, it is known that the sex hormones such as oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), which are associated with pregnancy, may differently affect the activity of cellular defence mechanisms of the pregnant mares ( 12 , 17 , 20 , 22 , 24 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in blood lymphocyte subpopulations and expression of MHC-II molecules in wild mares before and after parturition

Krakowski

Bartoszek

Krakowska³

et al. 2017

Journal of Veterinary Research

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IntroductionPregnancy is a physiological state in which the immune system undergoes certain changes. On the one hand, by depleting cell defence mechanisms, it favours development and maintenance of the pregnancy. At the same time cells of the immune system ensure resistance to many risk factors, including infectious agents.Material and MethodsThe study was carried out on 24 Polish Konik breed mares which were divided into two equal groups. The first group (group I) included mares living in the reserve. The second group (group II) comprised mares maintained under conventional conditions in the stables. The blood samples were collected for the first time in the perinatal period, i.e. 2 weeks before parturition (trial 0), then within the first 24 h after delivery, and then on 7th and 21st day after foaling. Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte expressing TCD4+, TCD8+, CD2+, and MHC class II antigens was performed.ResultsBefore the delivery, in group I there was a significantly higher CD4:CD8 ratio compared to group II (P ≤ 0.05). Similarly, significantly increased CD4:CD8 ratio in group I was noted within 24 h after parturition (P ≤ 0.001) and it was also observed on 7th day (P ≤ 0.03) and 21st day after foaling (P ≤ 0.02). In the first 24 h after parturition, a significant decline of lymphocytes CD8+ (P ≤ 0.02) was noted. No significant differences in terms of lymphocytes CD2+ and CD3+ were observed. Expression of MHC-II molecules before and after the parturition was higher in group I compared to group II; however, the difference between the groups was not significant.ConclusionThe results obtained indicate that mares living in the reserve display higher activity of cell defence mechanisms.

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Levels of selected T lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood of mares which experienced early embryonic death

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Early embryonic death in Equines and Camelids

Early embryonic death in Equines and Camelids

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Changes in blood lymphocyte subpopulations and expression of MHC-II molecules in wild mares before and after parturition

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