Liver cancer is the fifth most common type of cancer worldwide, and the ATPbinding cassette (ABC) transporter family has been widely accepted as a cause of multidrug resistance. This study was conducted to explore the potential value and mechanisms of the ABC transporter gene family in the liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). Materials and Methods: Data were collected from different public databases. UALCAN, ONCOMINE, and GEPIA were used to retrieve a selection of differently expressed and pathological stage-related genes among the ABC family. Principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized for grouping, and its prognostic value was evaluated by univariate and multivariate Cox analyses. The co-expression pattern was constructed with UALCAN, and the functional analyses were carried out with DAVID. The correlation between the biomarker and immune infiltration, genetic alteration frequency, and drug sensitivity were explored with TIMER, cBioPortal, GDSC and CTRP, respectively. Finally, tSNE algorithm was used to explore the distribution of ABCC5 expressed cells. Results: Among the ABC transporter family members, ABCC5 was differently expressed and strongly related to the pathological stage of LIHC. PCA divided patients of LIHC into two groups, and Cox analyses demonstrated that ABCC5 was an independent risk factor of LIHC. Functional analyses indicated that the genes were enriched in the pathways of transmembrane transporter, ATPase activity, and bile secretion. ABCC5 is also associated with immune infiltration of cells like macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. The genetic alteration frequency of ABCC5 confirmed its potential value in LIHC. In addition, several drugs were explored and found to be relevant to LIHC. The t-SNE showed that expression of ABCC5 was most concentrated in macrophages, followed by hepatocytes. Conclusion: ABCC5 may facilitate LIHC progression through different mechanisms and be a potential biomarker and target for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of LIHC.

Background. The incidence of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) has been increasing over time. Although ferroptosis and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been extensively reported to participate in the tumorigenesis and development of COAD, few studies have investigated the role of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs in the prognosis of COAD. Methods. Gene-sequencing and clinical data for COAD were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The coexpression network was constructed using known ferroptosis-related genes. Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression were used to screen ferroptosis-related lncRNAs with prognostic value and to identify a predictive model of COAD. Patients with COAD were divided into low- and high-risk groups according to their risk score. Cases of COAD in the International Cancer Genome Consortium database were included as the testing cohort. Results. In total, nine lncRNAs (LINC02381, AC105219.1, AC009283.1, LINC01011, ELFN1-AS1, EIF3J-DT, NKILA, LINC01063, and SNHG16) were considered prognostic factors for COAD. Then, a risk score model was established. The overall survival rate of COAD patients was negatively associated with the risk score. Kaplan–Meier analyses in the original and testing cohorts showed similar results. The expression of the lncRNAs in tissue was consistent with the risk score, and the relationship with tumor mutation burden, immunity, and drug sensitivity presented a marked link between the signature and COAD. A nomogram was established for clinical applications. Conclusions. Nine ferroptosis-related lncRNAs and the established signature have a certain predictive value for prognosis of COAD patients and can be used as potential research targets for exploring treatment of COAD.

Crops are hosts to numerous plant pathogenic microorganisms. Maize has several major disease issues; thus, breeding multiple disease resistant (MDR) varieties is critical. While the genetic basis of resistance to multiple fungal pathogens has been studied in maize, less is known about the relationship between fungal and bacterial resistance. In this study, we evaluated a disease resistance introgression line (DRIL) population for the foliar disease Goss's bacterial wilt and blight (GW) and conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. We identified a total of ten QTL across multiple environments. We then combined our GW data with data on four additional foliar diseases (northern corn leaf blight, southern corn leaf blight, gray leaf spot, and bacterial leaf streak) and conducted multivariate analysis to identify regions conferring resistance to multiple diseases. We identified 20 chromosomal bins with putative multiple disease effects. We examined the five chromosomal regions (bin 1.05, 3.04, 4.06, 8.03, and 9.02) with the strongest statistical support. By examining how each haplotype effected each disease, we identified several regions associated with increased resistance to multiple diseases and three regions associated with opposite effects for bacterial and fungal diseases. In summary, we identified several promising candidate regions for multiple disease resistance in maize and specific DRILs to expedite interrogation.