Wireless full-duplexing enables a transmission and a reception on the same frequency channel at the same time, and has the potential to improve the end-to-end throughput of wireless multi-hop networks. In the present paper, we propose a media access control (MAC) protocol for wireless full-duplex and multi-hop networks called Relay Full-Duplex MAC (RFD-MAC). The RFD-MAC is an asynchronous full-duplex MAC protocol, which consists of a primary transmission and a secondary transmission. The RFD-MAC increases the full-duplex links by overhearing frames, which include 1-bit information concerning the existence of a successive frame, and selecting a secondary transmission node using the gathered information. The gathered information is also used to avoid a collision between the primary and secondary transmission. Simulation results reveal that the proposed RFD-MAC improves up to 68%, 49% and 56% of end-to-end throughput compared to CSMA/CA, FD-MAC and MFD-MAC, respectively.

This paper analyzes the best mix of memories in a tri-hybrid solid-state drive (SSD) with storage class memory (SCM) and multi-level cell (MLC)/triple-level cell (TLC) NAND flash memory. SCM is fast but its cost is high. Although MLC NAND flash memory is slow, it is more cost effective than SCM. For further cost efficiency, TLC NAND flash memory is denser and less expensive than MLC NAND flash. Performance of tri-hybrid SSD is evaluated in various memory configurations. Moreover, the optimum memory configuration is changed according to the application characteristics. If 10% cost increase is allowed compared to the MLC NAND flash only SSD, SCM/MLC NAND flash hybrid SSD provides the best performance with hot/random workload, whereas SCM/MLC/TLC NAND flash tri-hybrid SSD achieves the best for hot/sequential and cold/random workloads. In addition, it is possible to add long latency but low-cost SCM to the tri-hybrid SSD. As a result, tri-hybrid SSD with slow SCM achieves the best performance.

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