PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a 12-week walking exercise program on body composition and immune cell count in patients with breast cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy.MethodsTwenty patients (age, 47.8 ± 3.12) participated in the study. Body composition (weight, body mass index, muscle weight, body fat mass, and percent body fat) and the cell counts for immune cells (white blood corpuscles, lymphocytes, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, and natural killer T cells) were measured before and after the 12-week walking exercise program. SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used. The two-way repeated ANOVA with post hoc was used to determine the difference between time and interaction.ResultsThere were significant reductions in the weight (p < .05), BMI (p < .01), and percent body fat (p < .05) after the 12-week walking exercise program. However, the immune cell counts did not change significantly.ConclusionThese results indicated that the 12-week walking exercise program had an effect on the balances among weight, BMI and percent body fat in patients with breast cancer.

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate exercise intensity associated with maximum fat oxidation, improvement of body composition, and metabolic status in Korean women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThe study included a T2DM group (12 women) and a control group (12 women). The groups were matched in age and body mass index. The subjects performed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer to measure their maximal fat oxidation (Fatmax). We also measured their body composition, metabolic profiles, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).ResultsThe exercise intensity for Fatmax was significantly lower in the T2DM group (34.19% maximal oxygen uptake [VO2 max]) than the control group (51.80% VO2 max). Additionally, the rate of fat oxidation during exercise (P<0.05) and mtDNA (P<0.05) were significantly lower in the T2DM group than the control group. The VO2 max level (P<0.001) and the insulin level (P<0.05) were positively correlated with the rate of fat oxidation.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest lower exercise intensity that achieves Fatmax is recommended for improving fat oxidation and enhancing fitness levels in Korean women with T2DM. Our data could be useful when considering an exercise regimen to improve health and fitness.

Effect of a 12-week walking exercise program on body composition and immune cell count in patients with breast cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy. JENB., Vol. 19, No. 3, pp.255-262, 2015 [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a 12-week walking exercise program on body composition and immune cell count in patients with breast cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy.[Methods] Twenty patients (age, 47.8 ± 3.12) participated in the study. Body composition (weight, body mass index, muscle weight, body fat mass, and percent body fat) and the cell counts for immune cells (white blood corpuscles, lymphocytes, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, and natural killer T cells) were measured before and after the 12-week walking exercise program. SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used. The two-way repeated ANOVA with post hoc was used to determine the difference between time and interaction.[Results] There were significant reductions in the weight (p < .05), BMI (p < .01), and percent body fat (p < .05) after the 12-week walking exercise program. However, the immune cell counts did not change significantly.[Conclusion] These results indicated that the 12-week walking exercise program had an effect on the balances among weight, BMI and percent body fat in patients with breast cancer.

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This study examined the effects of sling exercise therapy on vertebral alignment, VAS, muscle activity, and multifidus of patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: Simple random sampling was used to divide the patients (n= 116) into the sling exercise therapy group (SETG) and conservative physical therapy group (CPTG), with each group provided a intervention program in 3 sessions a week for 12 weeks. The lumbar lordosis angle (LLA), lumbar intervertebral disc angle (LIVDA) for vertebral alignment, lumbar muscle activity, and multifidus atrophy were measured before and after the intervention. Results: SETG showed significant changes in LLA, LIVDA of rate of change (delta score), and in relieving pain. The right-left balance gap for the lumbar dynamic muscle activity decreased after the intervention. The SETG showed significant changes in the grade of lumbar multifidus atrophy. Conclusion: The sling exercise therapy program is an effective exercise therapy method on vertebral alignment, muscle activity, recovery from multifidus atrophy, and pain relief for patients with chronic low back pain.

Objective: Previous studies have presented the effects of carbohydrate and protein intake using a single food or supplement. However, little knowledge is available regarding the long-term effects of protein diet supplementation on muscle mass and function. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a 12-week high-intensity resistance exercise program combined with a high-carbohydrate (HCHO), high-protein (HPRO) diet on body composition, muscle function, anabolic/catabolic hormones, and blood amino acid levels.Methods: This study included 27 male college students, who were divided into an HPRO group (n=12) and an HCHO group (n=15). Three to five sets of resistance exercises were performed four times a week at 75% of 1-repetition maximum for 12 weeks. Results:The weight and body fat percentage decreased in both groups after the 12-week resistance exercise, and muscle mass increased in the HPRO group. The peak torque increased in the HPRO group, and the average power increased in both the HCHO and HPRO groups, although there was no significant difference between the changes in both groups. However, the testosterone level and the ratio of testosterone to cortisol increased in the HCHO group, and the changes were significantly different between the groups. The blood essential amino acid (EAA) and non-essential amino acid levels showed a time × group effect. Conclusion: Protein supplementation of a high-carbohydrate diet during resistance training may enhance body composition and muscle mass and function by increasing the blood EAA levels. Therefore, considering that Asians tend to consume high-carbohydrate diets, a diet with slightly less carbohydrate and increased protein may be more effective for increased muscle strength and mass during training.

[Purpose]The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of detraining on motor unit potential area (SMUP), muscular function and physical performance, according to CNTF gene polymorphism.[Methods]For this study, GG (normal homozygote, n = 8) group and GA + AA (mutation heterozygote and homozygote, n = 10) group were divided by CNTF gene polymorphism and both groups were performed detraining for 4 weeks. The data was analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA for verifying the differences between two groups and interaction using SPSS (ver. 20.0) statistical program.[Results]The results were as follows. First, changes in body composition were measured but there was no significant interaction effect between time and group. Seconds, changes in SMUP were measured by SEMG. Interaction effect between time and group was found lateral vastus during isokinetic exercise of 180°/sec (p < .05). Third, changes in isokinetic muscle strength of 60°/sec and 180°/sec were measured but there was no significant interaction effect. Fourth, significant statistical differences were not showed changes of sports performance after detraining.[Conclusion]In conclusion, there were no significantly differences between GG and GA + AA group after detraining, therefore, further study will be considered a matter in various its interventions such as serum levels of CNTF and changes in receptors and muscle fiber types.