Maximal Fat Oxidation Rate during Exercise in Korean Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Suk, Min Hwa; Moon, Yeo-Jin; Park, Sung Woo; Park, Cheol‐Young; Shin, Yun A

doi:10.4093/dmj.2015.39.4.328

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…FATmax is a low-to-moderate exercise intensity. The average FATmax intensity has been reported at 34 %VO 2 max in middle-aged women (58 ± 7 yrs) with type 2 diabetes [47]; while a recent study has found that overweight middle-aged women (51 ± 6 yrs) reached their FATmax at 52 %VO 2 max [48]. Some studies have applied FATmax exercise training to adults with metabolic diseases [6,7,15,48,49,52], with reported outcomes that include decreased body fat [48,49] and improved insulin sensitivity [6,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Training at Maximal Fat Oxidation Intensity for Older Women with Type 2 Diabetes

Tan

Zhao

et al. 2018

Int J Sports Med

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the pleiotropic effects of 12 weeks of supervised exercise training at maximal fat oxidation (FATmax) intensity on body composition, lipid profile, glycemic control, insulin sensitivity and serum adipokine levels in older women with type 2 diabetes. Thirty-one women with type 2 diabetes, aged 60 to 69 years, were randomly allocated into exercise and control groups. Body composition, lipid profile, blood glucose, insulin resistance and serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations were measured before and after the intervention. Exercise group (n=16) walked at individualized FATmax intensities for 1 h/day for 3 days/week over 12 weeks. No dietary intervention was introduced during the experimental period. Maximal fat oxidation rate was 0.37±0.10 g/min, and occurred at 37.3±7.3% of the estimated VOmax. Within the exercise group, significant improvements were observed for most of the measured variables compared to non-exercising controls; in particular, the FATmax program reduced body fat% (p<0.001), visceral fat% (p<0.001), and insulin resistance (p<0.001). There was no significant change in daily energy intake for all participants during the intervention period. These results suggest that individualized FATmax training is an effective exercise training intensity for managing type 2 diabetes in older women.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Training at Maximal Fat Oxidation Intensity for Older Women with Type 2 Diabetes

Tan

Zhao

et al. 2018

Int J Sports Med

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“…Indeed, patients with T2D demonstrated a lower lipid oxidation rate per fat-free mass at all five relative exercise intensities that were assessed in that study (i.e., 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60% of the peak work rate) [ 104 ]. Another indication of an impaired capacity for lipid oxidation for patients with T2D comes from Suk et al, who compared women with T2D with age-, sex- and BMI-matched controls and found that T2D was associated with a lower fatmax (~ 34 v. ~ 52% of V̇O 2max ) and lipid oxidation rate at fatmax (~ 0.38 v. ~ 0.55 g·min − 1 ) [ 105 ]. Specifically, the rate of lipid oxidation was lower at three of the five relative intensities that were investigated (40, 50 and 60 of V̇O 2max , but not 20 or 30%) [ 105 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another indication of an impaired capacity for lipid oxidation for patients with T2D comes from Suk et al, who compared women with T2D with age-, sex- and BMI-matched controls and found that T2D was associated with a lower fatmax (~ 34 v. ~ 52% of V̇O 2max ) and lipid oxidation rate at fatmax (~ 0.38 v. ~ 0.55 g·min − 1 ) [ 105 ]. Specifically, the rate of lipid oxidation was lower at three of the five relative intensities that were investigated (40, 50 and 60 of V̇O 2max , but not 20 or 30%) [ 105 ]. Conversely, Mogensen et al compared patients with T2D to age-, BMI- and PA-matched FH- controls with normal glucose tolerance and found that both the maximal rate of lipid oxidation (~ 0.3 g·min − 1 ) and fatmax (~ 40% V̇O 2max ) were not different between groups [ 106 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise as ‘precision medicine’ for insulin resistance and its progression to type 2 diabetes: a research review

DiMenna

Arad

2018

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Type 2 diabetes and obesity epidemics are in effect in the United States and the two pathologies are linked. In accordance with the growing appreciation that ‘exercise is medicine,’ it is intuitive to suggest that exercise can play an important role in the prevention and/or treatment of these conditions. However, if exercise is to truly be considered as a viable alternative to conventional healthcare prevention/treatment strategies involving pharmaceuticals, it must be prescribed with similar scrutiny. Indeed, it seems reasonable to posit that the recent initiative calling for ‘precision medicine’ in the US standard healthcare system should also be applied in the exercise setting. In this narrative review, we consider a number of explanations that have been forwarded regarding the pathological progression to type 2 diabetes both with and without the concurrent influence of overweight/obesity. Our goal is to provide insight regarding exercise strategies that might be useful as ‘precision medicine’ to prevent/treat this disease. Although the etiology of type 2 diabetes is complex and cause/consequence characteristics of associated dysfunctions have been debated, it is well established that impaired insulin action plays a critical early role. Consequently, an exercise strategy to prevent/treat this disease should be geared toward improving insulin sensitivity both from an acute and chronic standpoint. However, research suggests that a chronic improvement in insulin sensitivity only manifests when weight loss accompanies an exercise intervention. This has resonance because ectopic fat accumulation appears to represent a central component of disease progression regardless of whether obesity is also part of the equation. The cause/consequence characteristics of the relationship between insulin resistance, pathological fat deposition and/or mobilsation, elevated and/or poorly-distributed lipid within myocytes and an impaired capacity to use lipid as fuel remains to be clarified as does the role of muscle mitochondria in the metabolic decline. Until these issues are resolved, a multidimensional exercise strategy (e.g., aerobic exercise at a range of intensities and resistance training for muscular hypertrophy) could provide the best alternative for prevention/treatment.

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“…The study participants were untrained young Saudi men, and their maximal fat oxidation was low, comparable with previously published sedentary, type 2 diabetes, and obese groups. For example, the maximal fat oxidation during FR and DHR in this study was close to or comparable with women with type 2 diabetes (0.38 g/min), and fat oxidation during FR and DHR was lower than untrained healthy women (0.54 g/min) [ 19 ]. The same outcomes were found in obese young men (0.38 ± 0.13 g/min) while fat oxidation in the active was 0.58 ± 0.07 g/min [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…For example, the –12% gradient used in the present study could increase cardiovascular and metabolic demands and muscle damage to a greater extent than gentler inclinations, such as between –5% and –10% [ 28 ]. Moreover, several factors such as insulin level [ 19 ], mode of exercise [ 29 ], and the recruitment of muscle mass during the test [ 30 ] influence the rate of exercise-induced fat oxidation. For example, when individuals performed cycling and rowing exercises at the same intensity, fat oxidation was greater during the rowing session, and this was likely due to the larger muscle mass recruited during rowing [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Acute Eccentric versus Concentric Running on Exercise-Induced Fat Oxidation and Postexercise Physical Activity in Untrained Men

Alkahtani

Aljuhani

Alkhalidi

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Introduction. This study aimed at comparing the rate of exercise-induced fat oxidation and postexercise free-living physical activity after constant-load flat running (FR) and downhill running (DHR) bouts at an intensity that elicited maximal fat oxidation. Methods. Participants were 11 healthy untrained men (mean age 25.6±3.3 years; VO2max39.11±8.05 ml/kg/min). The study included four visits. The first two visits determined the intensity of maximal fat oxidation during incremental FR and DHR tests. The second two visits involved constant-load FR or DHR at the intensity that elicited maximal fat oxidation in a counterbalanced order separated by two weeks. Gas exchange analysis was used to measure substrate oxidation during all exercise sessions. Sedentary time and physical activity were measured using ActiGraph triaxial accelerometers for three days including the day of exercise tests (the second day). Results. During the incremental exercise tests, fat oxidation was significantly greater during the first stage of FR (P<0.05) but started to increase during the fourth stage of DHR, although this did not reach significance. Of the 11 participants, 7 had greater fat oxidation during DHR. During continuous constant-load running, fat oxidation was higher during DHR than FR but at only two stages was either significant or borderline significant, and the time/group interaction was not significant. There was no significant effect on sedentary time of time/group interaction (P=0.769), but there was a significant effect of time (P=0.005), and there was no significant effect on total physical activity of time/group interaction (P=0.283) or time (P=0.602). Conclusion. Acute aerobic eccentric exercise at an intensity eliciting maximal fat oxidation enhanced exercise-induced fat oxidation without worsening postexercise free-living physical activity, indicating it could be a useful training modality in weight management programs.

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Maximal Fat Oxidation Rate during Exercise in Korean Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Exercise Training at Maximal Fat Oxidation Intensity for Older Women with Type 2 Diabetes

Exercise Training at Maximal Fat Oxidation Intensity for Older Women with Type 2 Diabetes

Exercise as ‘precision medicine’ for insulin resistance and its progression to type 2 diabetes: a research review

Impact of Acute Eccentric versus Concentric Running on Exercise-Induced Fat Oxidation and Postexercise Physical Activity in Untrained Men

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