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One of the research objectives was formulated to improve the quality of education, namely by understanding the problems of students and teachers. There were three main groups of quality characteristics of education highlighted in scientific and academic literature in Russia, namely the quality of educational objectives, the quality of the educational process, and the quality of educational outcomes. The problem of education in Indonesia is the quality of the education process. The development of teaching materials is an alternative to improve the quality of the education process. Research so far has only focused on the implementation of learning models by teachers in the classroom, but the model is not integrated into the teaching materials used. This paper examines how the effectiveness of a product that has been developed for two years on 27 Indonesian students. The product produced is a guided discovery-based module in the Complex Analysis subject. This product was developed after the preliminary analysis (defining) process. Students are given 16 modules during lectures; then students are given a final test containing all the competencies that must be achieved. Test results are scored, and statistical analyses are conducted to compare them with student score before using the module. The test used is t-test. The design used is one of the experimental research designs, One Shot Case Study. The results of the study showed that students who were taught with modules developed effectively to improve student learning outcomes. Further research can be done by implementing different learning models in teaching materials.

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This study aimed at identifying the obstacles of mathematics-teacher-students based on Boero’s proving model. This study was conducted using a mix method by applying sequential explanatory strategy. The stages of the research were carried out by taking the quantitative data and revealing the qualitative data using semi-structured interviews. In the result of this study, it was found that most of mathematics-teacher-students had difficulties in constructing geometrical proofs of each Boero’s proving model. Even in the phase of writing formal proof, there were only 6.67% of students could write fully in the cases of indirect proving. There were 13.33% of students in the cases of direct proving. This study concluded several obstacles which students faced in constructing the geometrical proofs formally in each phase of Boero’ proving model. The obstacles included: the difficulty in making a diagrammatic sketch of conjecture which was completely made with the correct geometrical notation; the difficulty in knowing of cause-effect of geometrical problems to be proved, if it involved some conditional sentences; inability to write a conjecture made in the form of geometrical symbols, formulas and axiomatic deduction; the difficulty in selecting a valid statement of the conjecture made and the difficulty in writing formal proof.

Teacher attitude toward mathematical problem solving and its learning process is very influential on the teaching of problem solving in classroom. There have been many research experts who focus on research about teachers attitude toward mathematics in general, but they rarely sees how the teachers attitude toward mathematical problems solving and its learning process. This study aims to answer both that questions. The research type is qualitative with survey method. Three mathematics teachers from three different schools were selected as research subjects. Teaching videos of each teacher, questionnaires, and interviews with open questions were used as instruments to see the attitude. Each teacher was given a questionnaire on teachers attitude toward mathematical problem solving and its learning process, after which the teachers was also interviewed. Based on the research process, it can be concluded there are three categories of teacher attitude level toward mathematical problem solving and its learning process: good, very good, and excellent.

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These Students' mathematical problem solving behavior had been presented in the previous paper. Four categories of students' mathematical problem solving behavior in junior high schools in Indonesia had been obtained. These categories were: naive, routine, semi-sophisticated, and sophisticated. This paper was a continuation of that research. In this session would discuss about external aspects affect student behavior in problem solving. This research used survey method. Eighteen students from three junior high schools in Indonesia had been interviewed about it. These three aspects were: distance of home from school, family background, Contests-contests like math Olympiads that had been followed. The interview results were coded to get conclusions. Research findings were that the external aspects of students did not influence students in behaving to solve problems in mathematics. the implication of this finding is that the main factor influencing student behavior in problem solving is teacher professionalism in learning not from the students themselves, so the teacher must be really prepared in designing all components of learning well.