This research was based on a phenomenon that gender ideology practiced by a society might be reflected in the production of literary work. Thus, even though a novel is known as an imaginative work, its content and gender ideology could not be detached from social reality. The aims of this research were describing the role and gender identity, the types of gender ideology, and the gender relationship issues in the Indonesia novel written during reformation era. Gramsci’s theory of hegemony and gender perspective helped to describe the problems presented in this article. The formal object of this research was elaborating gender ideology presented in four novels written by Indonesian authors during reformation era, namely Saman by Ayu Utami, GeniJora by Abidah El Khalieqy, Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu, and Tanah Tabu by Anindita S. Tayf. The research method implemented was library research. This research showed the variety of ideologies that occupy literature as the site of struggle among ideologies. The results of the research are the four novels represent the patriarchal ideology, familialism ideology, ibuism ideology, and general gender ideology. The four gender ideologies create domestication of the position and the role of women. The existence and the organization of the gender ideology are supported by masculine hegemony in Indonesian culture.
A literary work reflects world vision of its writer, including the world of women. Pramoedya Ananta Toer participated to reveal the idealism of women’s resistance in revolution and reformation era through the characters of his story. Obtaining the world view of the writer toward women is important. This research aims to examine women’s resistance in the Revolution and Reformation era within 3 novels by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. This research uses qualitative method with content and sociological analysis model. The problems of the analysis are (1) the historic flaming in which Pramoedya Ananta Toer writes Larasati, MSBE, and PRdCM; and (2) world’s view of Pramoedya Ananta Toer toward women’s resistance in Larasati, MSBE, and PRdCM. To explain the world’s view of the writer, this research also applies Lucien Goldmann’s genetic structuralism. The objective of this research is to reveal the women’s resistance within three prominent characters who have fought in some different ways for justice in revolution and reformation era. This confirms that Pramoedya brings justice and gender equality in the world of women.
Penyusunan bahan pengayaan cerita rakyat berguna untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi serta membentuk pengalaman apresiasi sastra bagi pemelajar BIPA. Namun, untuk merancang bahan pengayaan yang sesuai, perlu diadakan kegiatan pendahuluan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan agar bahan pengayaan yang dirancang dapat diterima dengan baik oleh pengguna di lapangan. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis kebutuhan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Eksplorasi kebutuhan bahan pengayaan teks cerita rakyat diperoleh melalui wawancara kepada tiga pengajar BIPA tingkat menengah, angket kebutuhan untuk pemelajar BIPA, dan analisis dokumen bahan pengayaan cerita rakyat pada laman BIPA daring Kemendikbud. Hasilnya, seluruh pengajar memerlukan adanya penyusunan bahan pengayaan cerita rakyat untuk meningkatkan kemampuan apresiasi sastra dan literasi budaya bagi pemelajar BIPA tingkat menengah. Selanjutnya, penyesuaian konten dan bentuk penyajian perlu dilakukan sebagai inovasi pada bahan pengayaan cerita rakyat bagi pemelajar BIPA berupa muatan, atau pengetahuan yang memiliki nilai kearifan lokal, nilai pariwisata, nilai sosial dan lain sebagainya.
This report is a part of a larger research in the effort to optimize the strategies in planning, developing, fostering, and protecting languages, all of which lead to inter-ethnic harmony. This strategy is very important and fundamental because the issue of language is closely related to the maintenance of harmony. The Trigatra Bahasa is a portrait of Indonesian national harmony that has been maintained for more than nine decades. It lives in the Indonesians' daily life and becomes common interests that should not be changed because it will result in the disruption of national harmony and the language agreement contained in the Indonesian Youth Pledge. This study proposes to develop a Trigatra Bahasa learning model in the interprovincial border areas represented by the provinces of West Java and Central Java for geolinguistic considerations of the languages in the two provinces. This research was conducted through the Research and Development 4D model approach in four stages, namely defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. The findings of this research are the report on the teachers' assessment of Trigatra Bahasa learning model for high school students in the inter-provincial border area. Trigatra Bahasa can increase students' love of language. In addition, the implementation of Trigatra language needs to be adjusted to the needs and interests of the students.
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