The quantitative assessment of the degree of company's diversification as the basis of strategic planning becomes relevant in the context of instability of world oil prices. The largest companies of the oil and gas industry develop their strategies taking into account diversification of both activities and sales markets. The need for diversification is confirmed by the carried-on qualitative analysis of the activities of Russian and foreign companies in the oil and gas industry. The authors propose indicators of quantitative assessment of the degree of diversification, which can be applicable for companies of the energy sector: entropy index and indicator of geographical diversification. The study concluded that it is advisable to use the entropy indicator of diversification for strategic planning due to the need to optimize activities; focus on the production of high value-added products; relevance of risk reduction in case of instability of world energy prices volatility; strengthening the position of a multi-industry company. An indicator of geographic diversification may be used when there is a necessity of market control; access to new markets; strengthening positions in current markets. The practical application of the results of this study is possible in the field of strategic planning for oil and gas upstream companies.
The evaluation of the Russian oil and gas companies' competitiveness in the foreign market under the tough market conditions is of particular importance as it is crucial to retain company's current position and market share. The article makes qualitative and quantitative evaluation of Russian companies in the global gas market. To analyze the competitiveness of the gas industry company in the foreign market, the authors used a dynamic method of evaluating competitiveness coupled with a SWOT analysis. The dynamic evaluation method offers an opportunity to identify the basic factors that influenced the level of competitiveness of the entity under study and, accordingly, determine the main reserves for increasing its competitiveness.Based on the study conducted, recommendations were made on the increase in competitiveness in the current situation of unstable demand and volatile energy prices. By analyzing the PJSC Gazprom level of competitiveness, as well as its external and internal environment, indicators were identified the regulation of which will lead to the progressive development of the organization and increase in its competitiveness. The practical relevance of the study lies in the possibility to use both the research outcome and the proposed methods in a development strategy for the gas industry company.
Quantification of a company's competitiveness in the gas industry is necessary in order to find the possibility for that entity to maintain or increase its competitive advantage in the respective markets for goods and services. Therefore, the market opportunities of an economic entity are the result of the competitive advantages creation, the form, quantity, and quality of which determine the scope, nature and success of the entity's activity in its market segment and the possibility of its expanding to new markets. The need to assess competitiveness is confirmed by the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the Russian companies' activities in the oil and gas industry. The authors applied a dynamic method for assessing the competitiveness of a leading company in the Russian gas market. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that it is advisable to use this method, because it makes it possible to identify the main factors that influenced the level of competitiveness of the investigated object. These factors, therefore, allows us to determine the main reserves for increasing the competitiveness of the analyzed enterprise. The practical application of this study finding is possible in the field of corporate governance and strategic planning for gas companies.
Introduction. The effective operation of industrial production, transport and processing facilities depends directly on the logistics infrastructure. This is confirmed by a significant share of logistics infrastructure costs in the investment programs of vertically integrated companies. Theoretical analysis. A theoretical study of the logistics infrastructure, its current state and prospects for development is carried out, the types of logistics infrastructure and areas of responsibility are analyzed: supply, intra-industry support and sales. Theoretical research methods were used, and the analysis of different types of logistics infrastructure designed for specific purposes at different stages of the life cycle in the supply chains of the investment project was performed. Еmpirical analysis. The possibility of reverse use of logistics infrastructure facilities, i.e., for the supply of oil and gas facilities and the sale of processed products, is analyzed. The concept of logistics infrastructure is specified, which allows to specify their share in investment costs. Results. The approach proposed by the authors will allow to take into account the importance of integrated construction of the logistics infrastructure of the Arctic region of Russia in the foreseeable future, increase the efficiency of investments, and further reduce costs at the stage of operation and elimination of industrial and social facilities.
The relevance of the issue under consideration is associated with the evolution of existing technologies, due to which the functionality increases and the mass of the payload decreases, as a result of which the question of the use of cost-effective launch vehicles is raised. The purpose of this work is to carry out a comparative analysis of the feasibility of using ultra-light launch vehicles to provide services for the delivery of small spacecraft to low-earth orbit. The article is written within the framework of socio-economic research methods. Retrospective analysis and comparative approach are combined with the use of quantitative methods. The theoretical significance of the study consists in the analysis of the modern operation of small spacecraft and the state of the world rocket and space industry, analysis of the existing strategy of the State Corporation Roscosmos in the development of a new line of reusable launch vehicles and consideration of promising projects of domestic private companies involved in the creation of ultra-light launch vehicles. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the results of studying the intensity of space launches when making strategic decisions on the use of ultra-light launch vehicles. Based on the assessment of existing forecasts for the development and creation of small-sized spacecraft, it is concluded that the world space market is interested in the types of satellites and classes of launch vehicles for their launch.
The subject of this research is the key element of ensuring the economic interests of company owners – the system of risk management and internal control. Special attention is given to the methodology of risk management for the analysis of normative documents – laws, recommendations and standards, as well as the experience of their practical application. Comparative analysis is conducted on the corporate norms with the approaches in national strategic goal-setting with regards to national, economic and energy security, in order to develop the theory and practice of ensuring economic security of the economic entities based on the instruments devised within the system of national goal-setting. The object of this research is the economic entities and investment projects of fuel and energy complex. The scientific novelty lies in adjustment of the hierarchy of construction of challenges, threats and risks of the national strategic goal-setting in the sphere of economic security to solution of the tasks aimed at ensuring economic security of the economic entities. The relevance of the acquired results is substantiated by the difference of the authorial approach towards risk analysis in fuel and energy complex in the economic entities. Comparing to the approach of standards recommended by the economic activity regulators, which implies a single category of insecurities – “risk”, the distinction consists in implementation of the concept of hierarchical construction of the system of insecurities: challenge, threat, risk (concepts from the goal-setting documents on ensuring economic security of the state) in the new sphere of risk management of the economic entity. The authors’ original research indicate that introduction of the hierarchy of insecurities (challenges, threats, and risks) at the stage of risk identification allows simplifying and clarifying the procedure of risk assessment.
The main aim of this research is to identify the differences between a deliberate security strategy and an emergent one. The objective of the study is to demonstrate these differences 112using the case of an energy security strategy, to determine the main reasons for deviations and to formulate a methodological apparatus for assessing strategic documents. To explore an emergent energy security strategy (as a set of actions by decision makers), the authors suggest to make the analysis the events mentioned in the media (press events) and the amendments to legislation (real actions of decision makers in response to external challenges and threats) made in accordance with actual national security objectives. The authors monitor press events based on keywords that identify the main energy security objectives in accordance with the relevant legal and regulatory framework. In order to test the hypothesis related to legislation, amendments authors disclose the correlation between the selected indicators using a model of linear regression with one regressor. The study distinguishes the differences between deliberate and emergent energy security strategies; analyses legislative amendments that reflect the real efforts of the authorities; in addition, the study analyses legislative amendments aimed at ensuring security; distinguishes the differences between a deliberate strategy and the actual actions of the authorities in the legislative sphere; formulates provisions for an emergent strategy reflecting the real actions and interests of the authorities. The authors reflect the reasons for the differences between deliberate and emergent strategies. The authors build a hierarchy of objectives for an emergent strategy that defines the actual priorities for energy security: domestic economic security, external economic security, tax security, environmental safety. Empirical application of methodological approaches to identifying differences between deliberate and emergent strategies is relevant for participants in investment processes (enterprises and entrepreneurs) as well as for the legitimately elected authorities, with a view to properly reflecting strategic course of actions in official documents in order to ensure the stability of the internal and external political situation.
The paper reveals a comprehensive approach to economic efficiency assessment of large-scale investment projects in the energy sector. Authors consider scientific approaches to integrated assessment and substantiate its advantages when applying it to the assessment of effectiveness for the energy sector. At present, the accuracy of the estimates of the efficiency of investments in the energy sector is of particular importance in terms of the limited financial resources and the increasing capital intensity of deposit development. However, existing methods of determining investment efficiency for complex projects often tend to lead to incorrect results. The integrated assessment approach proposed in the article aims to overcome the shortcomings of existing approaches. Its peculiarity is to consider investment in a complex project as a single system consisting of subsystemsindividual projects. The whole set of projects is classified according to the nature of the mutual influence, which makes the assessment process much easier. The implementation of an integrated approach requires special care in the performance evaluation and is possible in cases of simultaneous implementation of the projects included in the complex, aimed at achieving the same effects and having synchronized time frames of entry. The positive effect of increasing the accuracy of the assessment and, as a consequence, of significantly reducing the risk of economically unjustified investments, far exceeds the cost of making the evaluation procedure more complex under the developed method.
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