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These results should be useful to both producers and consumers for the manufacture of pea foods in Japan. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.

Lipid classes, fatty acid composition and triacylglycerol molecular species of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)Seed oils from five legume cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris, grown in Japan, were extracted and classified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) into seven fractions: hydrocarbons (HC; 0.7-1.4 wt-%), steryl esters (SE; 1.7-3.3 wt-%), triacylglycerols (TAG; 33.8-45.9 wt-%), free fatty acids (FFA; 0.6-1.5 wt-%), sn-1,3-diacylglycerols (1,3-DAG; 0.3-1.0 wt-%), sn-1,2-diacylglycerols (1,2-DAG; 0.4-1.2 wt-%) and phospholipids (PL; 49.4-58.8 wt-%). Fatty acids derivatized as methyl esters were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and a flame ionization detector. Molecular species and the fatty acid distribution of TAG isolated from the total lipids in the beans were analyzed by a combination of argentation-TLC and GC. A modified argentation-TLC procedure, developed to optimize the separation of the complex mixture of total TAG, provided 18 different groups of TAG, based on both the degree of unsaturation and the total length of the three acyl chains of fatty acid groups. SDT (3.2-4.2 wt-%), M 2 T (3.8-5.0 wt-%), D 3 (4.8-5.9 wt-%), MDT (8.0-13.9 wt-%), D 2 T (12.5-15.8 wt-%), MT 2 (19.4-22.7 wt-%), DT 2 (17.8-23.5 wt-%) and T 3 (9.2-13.0 wt-%) were the main TAG components. The dominant fatty acids of TAG were a-linolenic (48.5-57.8 wt-%) and linoleic (16.7-25.8 wt-%) acids, with appreciable amounts of palmitic (8.3-13.2 wt-%) and oleic (7.8-13.8 wt-%) acids. The high content of a-linolenic acid in the cultivars of P. vulgaris could very likely play a beneficial role in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease among the large populations consuming them in Japan.

The fatty acid distribution of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and major phospholipids (PLs) in kidney beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was investigated. The lipids extracted from five cultivars were separated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) into seven fractions. The major lipid components were TAGs and PLs, while hydrocarbons (HCs), steryl esters (SEs), free fatty acids (FFAs) and diacylglycerols (DAGs) (sn-1,3 and sn-1,2) were also present in minor proportions. With a few exceptions, the dominant phospholipid components were phosphatidylcholine (PC), followed by phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) or phosphatidylinositol (PI). Significant differences ( P < 0.05) in fatty acid distributions existed when different kidney bean cultivars were examined. However, the principal characteristics of fatty acid distributions in the TAGs were evident among five cultivars; unsaturated fatty acids were predominantly concentrated in the sn-2-position, and saturated fatty acids primarily occupied the sn-1-or sn-3-position in the oils of the beans.

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