Along with technological advancements and increasingly modern times, ways of communicating between individuals have changed. Individuals communicate no longer directly with their interlocutors, but individuals prefer to communicate through social media with the help of a Smartphone. This phenomenon mostly occurs in the millennial generation called phubbing. This condition is caused by various factors, including smartphone addiction, lack of self-control and so on. Phubbing behaviour can cause the millennial to be indifferent to others, delay, short attention span, depression or other mental disorders. This type of research is library research that focuses on phubbing behaviour. one of the psychological interventions that can be done is through guidance and counseling services. Guidance and counseling services are needed to focus on behavioural media, so that individuals can use smartphones smartly.

The scientific interest in homosexual measurement has grown over the past 30 years, marked by new instruments and terms that have emerged. This condition is triggered by LGBT people who get justice, especially in westerly countries, so the instruments that emerge in westerly countries are more directed towards justice and development for LBGT people. For this reason, the existent instruments are not in accordance with the Indonesian State, because existent instruments have not been adjusted to godly and cultural values. The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable Inventory of Homosexuality and Transgender Exposure (IHTE) in accordance with religious and cultural values in Indonesia. Research samples 304 people spread in 14 provinces in Indonesia. The sampling technique is done by purposive random sampling; the analysis technique used is Rasch model. The findings show that the IHTE instrument is valid and reliable, inventory development is discussed further.

Success in a career is synonymous with the welfare of an individual's life, which needs further handling from the counselor. In determining and preparing for a future career, counselors should use a valid and reliable inventory. However, inventory that is considered valid and reliable by the counselor still raises problems in administration, namely students are confused in setting the response point in the inventory. The purpose of this study is to find a clear and unambiguous rating scale to make it easier for students to set a response point in their inventory. The research sample uses area random sampling consisting of six groups of test subjects, namely: 1, n = 75; 2, n = 61; 3, n = 47; 4, n = 146; 5, n = 85; and 6, n = 63. Data in this study were 5-point Likert scale political data collected using career planning inventory. The research data were analyzed using the Rasch model by testing the rating scale analysis through Threshold analysis between ratings. The results showed the rating scale in the Threshold analysis, the rating scale changed to a four-point Likert scale with a choice of very inappropriate, not appropriate, appropriate, and very appropriate.Keywords: Career Planning; Likert Scale; Ratting Scale; Threshold AbstrakSukses dalam karier identik dengan kesejahteraan hidup individu, yang perlu penanganan lebih lanjut dari konselor. Dalam menentukan dan mempersiapkan karier dimasa depan, konselor mestinya menggunakan inventori yang valid dan reliabel. Namun, inventori yang dianggap valid dan reliabel oleh konselor masih memunculkan permasalahan dalam pengadministrasian, yaitu siswa bingung dalam menetapkan rating scale pada inventori. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menemukan skala penilaian yang jelas dan tidak ambigu untuk memudahkan siswa menetapkan rating scale pada inventori. Sampel penelitian menggunakan area random samplingyang terdiri dari enam kelompok subjek tes, yaitu: 1, n = 75; 2, n = 61; 3, n = 47; 4, n = 146; 5, n = 85; dan 6, n = 63. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa data politomi 5-point Likert scale yang dikumpulkan menggunakan career planning inventory. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan model Rasch dengan menguji rating scale analysis melalui analisis Threshold antar rating. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rating scale pada analisis Threshold, rating scale berubah menjadi empat point Likert scale dengan pilihan sangat tidak sesuai, kurang sesuai, sesuai, dan sangat sesuai. Kata kunci: Perencanaan Karier; Ratting Scale; Skala Likert; Threshold

Education always experiences change and development under developments in all areas of life. Rapid technological developments make it easier for humans to carry out their daily activities. Technology that is experiencing rapid development is an information technology, one of which is the internet. This study aims to describe differences in internet addiction between male and female students at Universitas Negeri Padang. Sample of this study was 258 students (47 male and 211 female). The analysis technique used is independent of sample t-test combined with a stacking Rasch model. The results of analysis showed that there was no difference in internet addiction between male and female students at Universitas Negeri Padang. Internet addiction of male and female students has no difference, it can see from the ability of students to answer instrument statements are the same this is show by the value of internet addiction (sig =.233), this states p-value> 0.05, which shows there is no significant difference in internet addiction between male and female students. It further states the discussion regarding counseling and guidance services.

Penggunaan <em>smartphone</em> pada era digital saat ini sudah menjadi kebiasaan karena seluruh aktivitas di masyarakat sudah terintegrasi dengan aplikasi pada <em>smartphone</em>. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan <em>nomophobia</em> mahasiswa ditinjau dari gender, akses internet per-hari, dan jumlah media sosial (sosmed) di Universitas Negeri Padang. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian komparatif pada mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Padang, yang diperoleh melalui <em>cluster random sampling</em>.  Sampel penelitian ini adalah 236 mahasiswa (43 laki-laki dan 193 perempuan). Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah <em>Welch test</em> pada model rasch dengan bantuan WINSTEPS Version 3.73. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan <em>nomophobia</em> antara mahasiswa laki-laki dan perempuan, serta mahasiswa yang menggunakan media dengan jumlah banyak sangat membutuhkan akses internet yang banyak juga (&gt; 8 jam) atau adanya hubungan positif antara akses internet perhari dengan jumlah media yang dimiliki. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa baik individu berjenis kelamin perempuan atau laki-laki memiliki akses internet dan media sosial yang banyak , sehingga hal demikian meningkatkan kecenderungan individu memiliki perilaku <em>nomophobia</em>.