Drought refers to the climate extreme caused by moisture deficiency that affects the hydrological cycle, increases the risk of forest death, causes land degradation and even reduces the biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems (Sturm et al., 2022;Vicente-Serrano et al., 2020;Zhang et al., 2022). Previous research pointed that negatively affected by warm drought, negative gross primary productivity (GPP) extremes of northern mid-latitude ecosystems increased by 10.6% in 2000-2016 compared with the period from 1982 to 1998 (Gampe et al., 2021), which greatly weakened the carbon sink of ecosystems and increased the risks to ecosystems. Suffered from droughts, resilience of ecosystem to disturbance plays roles in recovering from negative vegetation anomalies caused by droughts (Forzieri et al., 2022;Smith et al., 2022). Under increasing global drought risks, revealing how ecosystems recover from droughts and further clarifying the key factors affecting recovery could provide critical support to maintain the stability of
In strawberry (Fragaria 9 ananassa Duch.), auxin has been recognized as the main signal molecule coordinating the growth and initiation of ripening of fruits. The molecular mechanism regulating auxin biosynthesis in strawberry remains unknown. This project reports two YUCCA flavin monooxygenase genes FaYUC1-2 isolated from cultivated strawberry. FaYUC1 and FaYUC2 are most homologous to AtYUC6 and AtYUC4, respectively. Significant expression of FaYUC1-2 is found in vegetative meristems and reproductive organs, with overlapping but distinct patterns. During fruit development, both transcripts of FaYUC1 and FaYUC2 in achenes reach a peak around large green fruit (G2) stage, but the sudden rise in FaYUC2 transcript level is much steeper and begins earlier than that in FaYUC1. FaYUC2 is also obviously expressed in the receptacles from green fruits, hinting another auxin source for receptacle development, other than achenes. FaYUC1 over-expression Arabidopsis exhibits typical auxin hyperaccumulation phenotype in many aspects, such as the narrow and downward curled leaves, strong apical dominance, short and hairy root. It is also severely sterile, due to
The multiple effects of ecosystem restoration programmes deserve attention. After reviewing the social-ecological effects of 23 ecosystem restoration programs in Asia's drylands, we find that these programmes mainly contribute to sustainable development goals (SDGs) synergistically, but the trade-offs between social-ecological effects still exist. Among the five goals of SDG15 (Life on Land), SDG13 (Climate Action), SDG6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG1 (No poverty), and SDG2 (Zero Hunger), 11 programs can synergistically achieve no less than three goals, especially grassland restoration and water diversion in China, as well as water management programmes in Israel. However, the contribution of ecosystem restoration programs to SDG15 easily weakens SDG6, SDG1, and SDG2, indicating the competition of land and water between ecosystem restoration and agriculture. To reduce the trade-offs among SGDs caused by ecosystem restoration, we propose the social-ecological system research framework of 'Dryland Boundary -Water, Food, Energy and Ecosystem Nexus -Meta-coupling -Nature-based Solutions' to guide the implementation of ecosystem restoration programmes from four aspects: supply-demand matching, element matching, regional matching, and local adaptation.
Oases are the most dynamic, productive, and vulnerable ecosystems in drylands and are centers of human life and economic development in arid and semi-arid regions (X. Li et al., 2016;S. Zhou et al., 2015). In China, oases support the livelihoods of tens of millions of inhabitants, and maintaining the stability of oasis ecosystems is essential for regional ecological security and sustainable development (P. Chen et al., 2022a). Under climate change and expanded human activity, China's oases have undergone a significant expansion during the past three decades (P. Chen et al., 2022a), which has profoundly affected regional water budgets and ecosystem services (
Land cover changes driven by either land degradation or land development have caused distinct alterations of the global environment. China has experienced a large area of land degradation and development, while the environmental responses to the national land cover changes are still vague. Based on remote-sensed datasets, we analyzed the multiple ecological effects (temperature, biomass formation, and observed greenness) of land cover changes in China and their regional differences through neighbourhood analysis and Geogdetector, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for mitigating land degradation and sustainable land development. The results showed that the conversion of cultivated land to grassland and shrubland led to reductions in the greenness effect (À0.017) and biomass formation effect (À0.015 kg C m -2 ), while the conversion of forest to grassland and shrubland led to a reduction in greenness (À0.01) and an increase in temperature (0.079 C). As the amplitude of the change in the land cover fraction increased, these trends became more obvious and irreversible. The same land cover change could have either positive or negative
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