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The structural changes and the cation and anion compositions of the surface of superconducting YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x and Tl 2 Ba 2 CuO 6+x ceramics after local irradiation for several seconds by an electron probe with an accelerating voltage of 25 kV and a current exceeding 10 -7 A are investigated by secondary-electron emission and by cathodoluminescence and x-ray microanalysis in a scanning electron microscope. Morphologically altered regions are detected in the irradiation epicenter, where the structure, chemical composition, and phase composition of the original compound are completely lost. In the intermediate zone between the epicenter and the periphery a distribution of the secondary emission yield is observed with a complex character that differs for the yttrium and thallium ceramics, and anomalies appear in the cathodoluminescence spectra. The experimental data are interpreted on the basis of ideas of oxygen losses under the direct influence of the electron probe and related electronic processes in superconductors.

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