This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri butio n-NonCo mmerc ial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. AbstractResistance to chemotherapy is a major challenge for the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous studies have found that microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in drug resistance; however, the role of miRNA-373-3p (miR-375-3p) in CRC remains unclear. The current study aimed to explore the potential function of miR-375-3p in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance. MicroRNA-375-3p was found to be widely downregulated in human CRC cell lines and tissues and to promote the sensitivity of CRC cells to 5-FU by inducing colon cancer cell apoptosis and cycle arrest and by inhibiting cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro. Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) was found to be a direct target of miR-375-3p, and TYMS knockdown exerted similar effects as miR-375-3p overexpression on the CRC cellular response to 5-FU. Lipidcoated calcium carbonate nanoparticles (NPs) were designed to cotransport 5-FU and miR-375-3p into cells efficiently and rapidly and to release the drugs in a weakly acidic tumor microenvironment. The therapeutic effect of combined miR-375 + 5-FU/NPs was significantly higher than that of the individual treatments in mouse s.c. xenografts derived from HCT116 cells. Our results suggest that restoring miR-375-3p levels could be a future novel therapeutic strategy to enhance chemosensitivity to 5-FU. K E Y W O R D S5-fluorouracil, chemosensitivity, colorectal cancer, miR-375-3p, nanoparticles | INTRODUC TI ONAlthough considerable progress has been made in the treatment of CRC in recent years, CRC accounts for approximately 13% of all tumors and is the second leading cause of tumor-related death in developed countries. 1-3 Fluorouracil-based chemotherapy has served as the first-line standard of care and most common regimen for CRC over the past 50 years. 4,5 However, patient resistance to 5-FU is a major obstacle to effective therapy. Therefore, efforts to clarify the molecular mechanism underlying 5-FU resistance and to identify new

cooling system is usually needed to ensure that these traditional photodetectors possess a relatively high performance. Since the first 2D material, graphene, was discovered in 2004, [1] 2D material-based photodetectors have attracted considerable attention. [2,3] Graphene is a promising material for photodetectors due to its ultrabroadband absorption spectrum, which includes the whole ultraviolet (UV) spectrum and ranges up to terahertz wavelengths. [4][5][6] However, the development of photodetectors based on pristine graphene is limited by the short lifetime of photoexcited carriers and the low absorption efficiency of incident photons. [7] Furthermore, pristine graphene with a zero bandgap will result in a large dark current, which is not suitable for highly responsive photo detectors. Although many methods can be applied to give graphene a semiconducting transport property and small bandgap, the photoresponse capability of graphene with small bandgap, especially for a certain spectral range, is still not comparable to that of other 2D semiconductors. [8,9] In addition to graphene, semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as WS 2 , WSe 2 , MoS 2 , MoTe 2 , etc., [10][11][12][13][14][15] have been shown to possess remarkable optical and electronic properties [16] and are expected to be promising basic materials for broadband, high-sensitivity photodetectors due to their various bandgaps, ranging from less than 1 eV to well above 2.5 eV. [17][18][19] However, due to their relatively large bandgaps, they are not suitable for infrared light detection.Black phosphorous (BP), with a direct bandgap of ≈1.5 eV for the monolayer form and 0.3 eV for bulk form, [20,21] which covers the near-and mid-infrared band and exhibits unique properties due to its high carrier mobility, [22][23][24] compatibility with a diverse range of substrates, and moderate bandgap. These unique properties make BP a promising candidate for broadband optoelectronic applications. [25][26][27][28] However, the reactivity of BP to oxygen under ambient conditions will lead to compositional and physical changes, causing BP to lose its advantageous electronic and optical properties. This reactivity hinders the practical application of BP for broadband photodetectors with rapid response time. [29,30] In addition, BP-based photodetectors have a weak response to visible light due to the bandgap. To extend the photoresponse range of BP, a BP/ MoS 2 heterojunction was fabricated by Hong et al., and the 2D materials offer tremendous opportunities for designing and investigating multifunctional high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this contribution, a photogate vertical structure is devised by vertically stacking layered indium selenide (InSe) on top of layered black phosphorous (BP). The photodetector built with the vertical structure possesses a wide response range from 405 to 1550 nm, and the photodetector exhibits a relatively fast (≈22 ms) response and high responsivity of ≈53.80 A W −1 at λ = 655 nm and 43.11 ...

To realize single‐molecule field‐effect transistors, a crucial test for evaluating the integrity of single‐molecule electronics into conventional circuit architectures, remains elusive. Though interfacial effect is widely accepted to be crucially important in electronic devices, rare reports have studied fine control of the interface in single‐molecule transistors. Through molecular engineering, different numbers of methylene groups are incorporated between the diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) kernel and anchor groups (AMn‐DPP, n = 0−3), and how the molecule–electrode interface affects the performance of single‐molecule transistors is investigated. Both experimental and theoretical data demonstrate that p‐type charge transport dominates in AM0‐DPP and AM1‐DPP single‐molecule transistors, while AM2‐DPP and AM3‐DPP systems exhibit ambipolar field‐effect behaviors, which is attributed to the HOMO‐pinning effect in AM0‐DPP and AM1‐DPP molecular junctions. Theoretical calculations show that the parity of the methylene number results in two different connection symmetries between the DPP kernel and graphene electrodes, and thus different electronic interactions, leading to different relative molecular energy‐level alignments form those of isolated molecules, which has never been reported before. These results provide crucial information for precise control of the interfaces in molecular junctions, new insight into building multifunctional graphene–organic hybrid electronic devices, and the design of functional organic materials.

Photodetectors based on vertically stacked indium selenide (InSe) layers on top of layered black phosphorous (BP) have been devised by Zhi‐Nan Guo, Han Zhang and co‐workers (see article number 1900020). These vertical‐structure photodetectors possess a wide response range from visible to near‐infrared, and they exhibit a relatively fast response and high responsivity. In addition, the environmental degradation of BP can be inhibited to a certain extent by the InSe capping.