Проведено сравнительное исследование методов обработки жестко структурированного экзоскелета (туни-ки) асцидии пурпурной. Показано, что ее основой является целлюлозо-полисахаридный комплекс. При исполь-зовании щелочного гидролиза, ультразвуковой обработки и ферментолиза происходит разрушение растворимых полисахаридов и удаление хитозана. Полученный продукт представляет собой крупнодисперсный порошок с раз-мером частиц 0,5-1 мм, содержащий преимущественно целлюлозу. При использовании метода сверхтонкого из-мельчения образуется микропорошок с размером частиц 1-100 мкм. Кислоторастворимые полисахариды микро-порошка составляют до 17 % от общей массы, в их состав входят глюкоза, галактоза, фукоза, манноза и ксилоза. С использованием рекомбинантной эндо-1,3-β-D-глюканазы показано наличие в кислоторастворимой фракции ламинарибиозы и ламинаритриозы, как структурных составляющих 1,3-β-D-глюкана. Щелочерастворимые по-лисахариды микропорошка туники составляют 35 % от его массы, их моносахаридный состав представлен только глюкозамином. ИК-спектроскопия свидетельствует о наличии хитозана и сульфатных групп.
Scientific Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Novosibirsk, e-mail: ekamo9@yandex.ruA comparative study of methods of processing of rigidly structured exoskeleton (tunic) purple ascidian were provided. it was shown that it is based on cellulose-polysaccharide complex. After using alkaline hydrolysis, ultrasound and enzymatic hydrolysis the destruction of soluble polysaccharides and chitosan removal were observed. The obtained product is a coarse powder with a particle size of 0,5-1 mm, containing predominantly cellulose. When using the method of superfine grinding micropowder with a particle size of 1-100 µm was produced. Acid polysaccharides from micropowder make up to 17 % of the total weight; it is composed from glucose, galactose, fukoza, mannose and xylose. With the use of the recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase there was shown presence of laminaribiose and laminaribiose as structural components of 1,3-β-D-glucan. Alkaline soluble polysaccharides was 35 % of tunic micropowder weight, their monosaccharide composition represented only by the glucosamine. infrared spectroscopy indicates the presence of chitosan and sulfate groups.
A comparative study of cultural and biochemical parameters of two microalgal species, Tetraselmis sueciaca and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, was performed. Cell density in the storage culture was 2.88 million cells per one ml for T. sueciaca and 20.37 million cells per one ml for Ph. tricornutum. As shown, determination of op-tical density of the culture medium is a more objective characteristic of the cumulative culture growth. For T. sueciaca, cell growth rate during the course of experiment made 400% and for Ph. tricornutum – 700%. Dif-ference in the chemical composition of microalgal biomass was revealed. The microalgae did not differ in their energy value. The prospects of cumulative culture of microalgae in mariculture farms are discussed.
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