A comparative study of cultural and biochemical parameters of two microalgal species, Tetraselmis sueciaca and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, was performed. Cell density in the storage culture was 2.88 million cells per one ml for T. sueciaca and 20.37 million cells per one ml for Ph. tricornutum. As shown, determination of op-tical density of the culture medium is a more objective characteristic of the cumulative culture growth. For T. sueciaca, cell growth rate during the course of experiment made 400% and for Ph. tricornutum – 700%. Dif-ference in the chemical composition of microalgal biomass was revealed. The microalgae did not differ in their energy value. The prospects of cumulative culture of microalgae in mariculture farms are discussed.
The article considers the use of salicylic acid as a stimulator of microalgae growth. The influence of a wide range of salicylic acid concentrations on the growth dynamics of Tetra-selmis suecica in enrichment culture has been evaluated. Cultivation was carried out in monoculture. An increase in algal biomass was measured by the increasing number of cells counted in each experiment in three Goryaev chambers under a light microscope. The duration of the experiments was 14 days. It is shown that salicylic acid in concentrations of 0.4-1.9 • 10–5 M inhibits the growth of algae. The growth of the control culture has two pronounced peak numbers on 4th and 12th days of the experiment. The introduction of salicylic acid in concentrations of 0.44-1.9 • 10–5 M was accompanied by a change of the growth curves: the maximum number of cells was observed on 12th day of the experiment. A higher concentration of phytohormone (3.75.• 10–5 M) provided an increase in crop density by 414% over 14 days of the experiment. The growth of T. suecica culture in the control group was 332%. The values of the specific growth rate of T. suecica were calculated for different periods of cultivation. After 14 days of the experiment, the biochemical composition of the microalgae biomass was evaluated, which showed stimulation with salicylic acid at a con-centration of 3.75 • 10–5 M carbohydrate accumulation. The high concentration of phytohormone suppressed the accumulation of protein, lipids and chlorophyll in the culture and stimulated the accumulation of carbohydrates. It has been suggested that a possible mechanism for the multidirectional action of salicylic acid is its effect on synthesis and catabolism through inhibition of the synthesis and metabolism of endogenous plant hormones.
The microalgae Tetraselmis suecica is widely studied as a potential producer of triglycerides for biofuels production and number of biologically active substances. Artificial cultivation of microalgae is associated with its use as live food for bivalve molluscs cultivation, sea cucumbers and fish. The efficiency of microalgae cultivation depends on many environmental factors and is an economically demanding process. The use of exogenous stimulants - phytohormones, has a significant effect on the growth and cultivated microalgae biochemical parameters. It was shown that salicylic acid in concentrations of 1.0 - 3.8 x 10-8 M stimulated the growth of the Tetraselmis suecica culture. In comparison with the control, the growth of the culture by 415% was noted, with the addition of phytohormone at a concentration of 3.8 x 10-8 M. Under the influence of salicylic acid, the amount of protein increased 3.2 times, protein 1.3 times, and the synthesis of carbohydrates was suppressed. The caloric content of Tetraselmis suecica was determined by biochemical composition differences, which must be taken into account when determining the cultivation strategy for marine invertebrates, since a certain plastic material is required for each stage of metamorphosis. The toxicity of salicylic acid due to its accumulation in the environment is well known. The results obtained in our work will contribute to the expansion of knowledge about the effect of acid on microalgae and the potential for their use for wastewater bioremediation.
Проведены апробация и оценка эффективности кормов для садкового выращивания дальневосточного трепанга с использованием биостимулирующих компонентов: холестери-на и ДНК из молок лососевых. Эксперимент проводился на 6 группах животных (соответ-ственно корма №№ 1-6) с начальной массой 50-70 г, контрольные замеры осуществлялись через 60 и 103 дня после начала эксперимента. Экспериментально установлено, что наибольшие привесы массы тела трепанга (22,4 г) наблюдались при использовании корма, в состав которого был включен холестерин в дозировке 40 г/кг корма (корм № 2). Также эф-фективными оказались рецептуры кормов с включением холестерина в дозировке 20 г/кг корма (корм № 1), ДНК молок лососевых в дозировке 1 г/кг (корм № 3) и корма со смешан-ным составом биологически активных веществ (БАВ) (корм № 6). В ходе исследования хи-мического состава тканей трепанга установлено, что наибольший эффект применения экспе-риментальных кормов выразился в увеличении количества миофибриллярных белков. Менее всего влиянию БАВ оказались подвержены щелочерастворимые белки, к которым относится коллаген. Накопление саркоплазматических белков наиболее активно происходило при ис-пользовании высокобелкового корма (корм-контроль) и корма № 6 с внесением смеси БАВ: увеличение в 7,5 и 7,2 раза соответственно. Также высокоэффективными оказались корма с использованием ДНК в дозировках 1 и 5 г/кг корма (№ 3 и 4), скармливание кото-рых способствовало увеличению водорастворимых белков в 6,0 и 6,6 раз соответственно. Рецептура, отличающаяся высоким содержанием холестерина, практически не приводила к увеличению количества саркоплазматических белков. При увеличении концентрации хо-лестерина в корме количество гексозаминов в тканях трепанга возрастает в 2,7 раз. Увели-чение содержания ДНК в корме приводит к увеличению количества гексозаминов в 1,5 раза. Такая тенденция наблюдается и при сравнении кормов со смесью БАВ. Экспериментальные данные свидетельствуют о высокой эффективности кормов для трепанга с добавлением БАВ -холестерина и ДНК из молок лососевых.Ключевые слова: трепанг, корма, садки, биологически активные вещества, холестерин, ДНК из молок лососевых. ВведениеВо всем мире идентифицировано примерно 1 250 видов голотурий, из которых около 20 являются съедобными [1].Одним из таких видов является дальневосточный трепанг Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) -беспозвоночное животное, обитающее в прибрежных морях Кореи, Японии, Китая и России [2]. Это один из наиболее коммерчески ценных видов марикультуры.Мускульная стенка тела трепанга является основной съедобной частью и состоит в основ-ном из коллагена и мукополисахаридов [3]. Кроме того, стенка тела трепанга содержит пепти-ды, коллаген, желатин, полисахариды и сапонины, которые обладают противоопухолевым, ан-тикоагулянтным, антиокислительным действием [4][5][6].
The research of the effect of gibberellic (0.4 - 3.8x 10-8 mol.L-1) and salicylic (0.4 - 3.8 x 10-5 mol.L-1) acids, in a wide range of their concentrations, on the growth indicators and biochemical composition of the cumulative culture of the microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum was carried out. It was determined that salicylic acid in a concentration of 0.4 x 10-5 mol stimulated cell growth by 184.6%, and gibberellic acid at a concentration of 0.39 x 10-8 mol by 181%, compared to the control. The effect of gibberellic acid during the experiment was expressed in the inhibition of protein accumulation in the culture, compared with the control. The use of salicylic acid led to a greater accumulation of protein in the culture than when using gibberellic acid. It was shown that salicylic acid had a positive effect on the accumulation of carbohydrates on day 9 and gibberellic acid on day 14 of culture. Gibberellic acid had no effect on the accumulation of lipids in the culture of microalgae. Under the action of salicylic acid for 14 days of cultivation, the lipid content increased by 18.5%, compared with the control. There were no quantitative differences in the content of chlorophyll when using two phytohormones. In this study, the optimal concentrations of gibberellic and salicylic acids for linear growth rate and the highest production of protein and carbohydrates for Phaeodactylum tricornutum were determined. Position, depending on the stage of microalgae growth, is noted.
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