As a result of molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological studies, two new species of the genus Pseudosperma, namely P. fulvidiscum and P. singulare were discovered in Wuzhishan Nature Reserve of Hainan Province of China. The two new species are distinct from other known Pseudosperma species in the phylogenetic polygram inferred from a combined nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nrLSU), and the nuclear second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) sequence data. Muscarine contents of the two new species were detected using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) approach. In addition, a new combination was proposed based on phylogenetic evidences. Field sampling and morphological studiesFresh materials were collected in the Wuzhishan and Yinggeling substations of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park and Fujian Province in China. Firstly, basidiomata were photographed using a digital camera in the eld. Secondly, fresh specimens were recorded and described macroscopically later. Then, the specimens were dried overnight at 45 ℃ with an electronic drier, and the dried specimens were packed in sealed plastic bags with silica gel (Yu et al. 2020;Deng et al. 2021a). Color codes follow Kornerup and Wanscher (1978). Microscopical characteristics are observed using an optical microscope (Olympus CX23, Olympus Industrial limited company, Guangzhou, China) in the laboratory. Mushroom tissues from the pileus, the lamellae, and the stipes were cut into thin sections by freehand with the aid of a stereoscope (AV100-240V). Dried materials were rehydrated in KOH (5%) and stained with Congo Red (1%) when necessary. Microscopic structures, including basidiospores, basidia, cheilocystidia, hymenophoral trama, pileipellis, and stipipellis were examined and measured. Methods of measurements follow Fan and Bau (2013). At least 100 basidiospores for each species were randomly measured from different specimens. The basidiospore measurements are expressed with the [n/m/p], which indicates "n" basidiospores measured from "m" basidiomata of "p" specimens. In addition, the basidiospore size is given with the (a) b-e-c (d) formula, where "b-c" contains a minimum of 90% of the measured values of the spores, "e" represents the average values of the spores, and "a" and "d" represents the minimum and maximum values of the spores (Ge et al. 2021). Q is the ratio length/width of individual spores (Q value); Q m is the average Q of all basidiospores ± sample standard deviation (Na et al. 2022;Jean et al. 2022).After the study, examined specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve (ANTU) with FCAS numbers and the Fungal Herbarium of Hainan Medical University (FHMU). DNA extraction, PCR, and sequencingIn this study, the ITS, nrLSU, and RPB2 gene fragments were analyzed. Genomic DNA was extracted using the NuClean Plant Genomic DNA kit (ComWin Biotech, Beijing), and the extracted DNA products were gen...
With mushroom poisoning emerging as one of the most serious food safety problems worldwide, a rapid identification method of poisonous mushrooms is urgently required to investigate the source of poisoning. Gyromitra infula, a kind of poisonous mushroom, contains gyromitrin toxin, which causes epileptogenic neurotoxicity and hemolytic disease. This study aimed to establish a rapid and visual method of G. infula identification based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). A set of specific LAMP primers was designed, and its specificity in G. infula was confirmed against various mushroom species, including its closely related species and other macrofungi. The sensitivity assay showed that the minimum concentration of genomic DNA detected by LAMP was 1 ng/μl. The method’s applicability was conducted by preparing mushroom samples that were boiled and digested in artificial gastric juice. The results showed that the content as low as 1% G. infula can be successfully detected. This method can be completed within 90 min, and the reaction results can be directly observed by the naked eyes. Hence, the identification method of G. infula established based on LAMP in this study is accurate, rapid, sensitive, and low-cost, which is required for clinical treatment or forensic analysis when mushroom poisoning occurs.
Mallocybe is a newly elevated genus of the ectomycorrhizal mushroom family, Inocybaceae, based on Inocybe subg. Mallocybe. Although new species in this genus have constantly been discovered worldwide during the past decades, species native to China is poorly documented. Moreover, as a characteristic feature, members of this genus often have phaseoliform basidiospores and short catenated cheilocystidia. Therefore, this study describes three new Chinese Mallocybe species with elongated cheilocystidia through morphological and molecular analyses. Of the identi ed species, while M. pallidipes was collected from Populus in northeastern China, M. aurantiodisca was discovered in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests dominated by Castanopsis in the Zhejiang Province, and M. longsicystis was discovered under fagaceous forests in tropical and subtropical China. From the multi-gene phylogenetic analysis, four major clades were also elucidated in the genus, of which three new species were grouped with three North American species in a full support clade. Finally, we discussed the systematic position of the new species and the genus's infrageneric phylogeny. TaxaVoucher Genbank accession number Country
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.