Hybrid rice technology has been used for more than 50 years, and eating and cooking quality (ECQ) has been a major focus throughout this period. Waxy (Wx) and alkaline denaturation (ALK) genes have received attention owing to their pivotal roles in determining rice characteristics. However, despite significant effort, the ECQ of restorer lines (RLs) has changed very little. By contrast, obvious changes have been seen in inbred rice varieties (IRVs), and the ECQ of IRVs is influenced by Wx, which reduces the proportion of Wxa and increases the proportion of Wxb, leading to a decrease in amylose content (AC) and an increase in ECQ. Meanwhile, ALK is not selected in the same way. We investigated Wx alleles and AC values of sterile lines of female parents with the main mating combinations in widely used areas. The results show that almost all sterile lines were Wxa-type with a high AC, which may explain the low ECQ of hybrid rice. Analysis of hybrid rice varieties and RLs in the last 5 years revealed serious homogenisation among hybrid rice varieties.
With mushroom poisoning emerging as one of the most serious food safety problems worldwide, a rapid identification method of poisonous mushrooms is urgently required to investigate the source of poisoning. Gyromitra infula, a kind of poisonous mushroom, contains gyromitrin toxin, which causes epileptogenic neurotoxicity and hemolytic disease. This study aimed to establish a rapid and visual method of G. infula identification based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). A set of specific LAMP primers was designed, and its specificity in G. infula was confirmed against various mushroom species, including its closely related species and other macrofungi. The sensitivity assay showed that the minimum concentration of genomic DNA detected by LAMP was 1 ng/μl. The method’s applicability was conducted by preparing mushroom samples that were boiled and digested in artificial gastric juice. The results showed that the content as low as 1% G. infula can be successfully detected. This method can be completed within 90 min, and the reaction results can be directly observed by the naked eyes. Hence, the identification method of G. infula established based on LAMP in this study is accurate, rapid, sensitive, and low-cost, which is required for clinical treatment or forensic analysis when mushroom poisoning occurs.
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