The secondary electron emission coefficient γ of a MgO protective layer with various crystallinities has been successfully measured by the γ-focused ion beam system with complete elimination of the charge accumulation problem by scanning-area adjustment techniques. It is found that the (111) surface has the highest γ from 0.14 to 0.26 in comparison with the other films with (200) and (220) crystallinities for operating Ne+ ions, while ranged from 0.03 to 0.24 for Ar+ ions, under operating ion energies from 50 eV to 500 eV throughout this experiment. These observations explain why the (111) crystallinity of the MgO protective layer plays an important role in lowering the firing voltages in AC plasma display panel compared to the films with other crystallinities.

Influence of duty cycle on the structure and secondary electron emission properties of MgO films deposited by pulsed mid-frequency magnetron sputtering Electron ejection from MgO thin films by low energy noble gas ions: Energy dependence and initial instability of the secondary electron emission coefficient

The energy spread of charged particles during beam propagation is calculated for liquid-metal ion sources. After acceleration, the particles have different energies originating from Coulomb interactions among them, which are randomly located due to the statistical fluctuations caused by the emission-surface temperature. The energy spreads are obtained in terms of the total current and emitter temperature. In particular, the energy spread is proportional to the square root of the emission-surface temperature. The results agree remarkably well with previously reported experimental data for the liquid-gallium ion beam.

Fabrication of tungsten-coated silicon-based gated emitters

The planar luminaries with the external electrode fluorescent lamps arrayed on a flat panel for the LCD-backlight have been improved by driving with the square pulses from a single switching inverter. With the square pulses of the driving frequency about 30 kHz, the high efficiency up to 40-70 lm/W and high brightness up to 30,000 cd/m 2 along with the luminance uniformity 90% in the 15-inch, 18-inch, 21-inch diagonal panels, respectively, could be obtained.