A novel actinobacterium, designated strain YIM 100590T, was isolated from Panthera tigris amoyensis faeces collected from Yunnan Wild Animal Park in Yunnan province, south-west China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data showed that strain YIM 100590T is a member of the family Micrococcaceae . Cells were coccoid to oval (0.7–1.5 µm in diameter) occurring singly or in clusters. Growth was observed at 10–37 °C (optimum 28 °C) and at pH 7.0–11.0 (optimum pH 8.0). The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (32.22 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (31.64 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (17.38 %). The peptidoglycan was of A4α type (l-Lys–Gly–l-Glu). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, dimannosyl diacylglycerol, an unknown glycolipid and two unknown phospholipids. The quinone system comprised menaquinones MK-7 (91.9 %) and MK-8 (8.3 %). The DNA G+C content of strain YIM 100590T was 56.2 mol%. Chemotaxonomic data indicated that the strain belongs to the family Micrococcaceae . On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data and phylogenetic analysis, strain YIM 100590T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Micrococcaceae , for which the name Enteractinococcus coprophilus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Enteractinococcus coprophilus is YIM 100590T ( = DSM 24083T = JCM 17352T). Yaniella fodinae DSM 22966T was transferred to the new genus as Enteractinococcus fodinae comb. nov. (type strain G5T = DSM 22966T = JCM 17931T = MTCC 9846T).

Huge numbers of bacteria reside in the digestive tract of most animals. During an investigation into the bacterial diversity of primates, strain YIM 102668T was isolated. When neighbour-joining phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences was conducted, strain YIM 102668T formed a cluster within the family Flavobacteriaceae and in a lineage not associated with any known group of previously proposed genera. Closely related genera were Algoriella (94.8 %), Chishuiella (94.8 %), Empedobacter (highest 94.6 %), Moheibacter (90.9 %) and Weeksella (90.6 %). In addition, strain YIM 102668T contained MK-6 as the predominant respiratory quinone and iso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine and the genomic DNA G+C content was 30.6 mol%. These chemotaxonomic characterizations confirmed that strain YIM 102668T belonged to the family Flavobacteriaceae . Supported by the results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, we propose that strain YIM 102668T represents a novel genus, for which the name Faecalibacter macacae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 102668T (=KCTC 52109T=CCTCC AB 2016016T).

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The objective of this study was to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships of gibbons (3 genera, 11 species) deduced from complete sequenced mitochondrial genome sequences. According to conserved (C) / variable (V) sites ratio test, 9 selected protein coding genes were combined into a sequence with 9356 bases long including gaps. A resolved phylogenetic tree was obtained for the mitochondrial genome in the maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony analyses. In accordance with all previous morphological and molecular evidence, our results clearly supported monophyly of family Hylobatidae with predominantly strongly supported and each of the three genera with high support based on these coding genes. Among three genera, first Nomascus, next Symphalangus and at last Hylobates diverged, which identical to other previous research based on the whole mitochondrial genome. Our phylogenetic relationships of Nomascus group accord with Chan et al. (2010), only support values of a node of N. gabriellae (90%) were slight lower than Chan's result (97%). Among genus Hylobates, in our result, 6 species are involved and H. pileatus, H. lar, H. klossii, H. agilis, H. moloch and H. muelleri diverged sequentially.

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