Nineteen novel indene-substituted oxime ether strobilurins, which used an indene group to stabilize the ( E)-styryl group in SYP-Z071 (an unsaturated oxime strobilurin fungicide under development by the Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry), were designed and synthesized. The biological assay results showed that all compounds possessed good or excellent fungicidal activities. It was found that most of the compounds showed higher fungicidal activities against Pyricularia oryzae, Phytophthora infestans, Erysiphe graminis, and Colletotrichum lagenarium than SYP-Z071 at the tested concentration. The biological assay results also indicated that most of the compounds exhibited higher in vivo fungicidal activities against cucumber Pseudoperonospora cubensis and C. lagenarium than the commercial fungicides trifloxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl at a concentration of 6.25 mg/L. Furthermore, it was found that alpha-(methoxyimino)- N-methylphenylacetamide oxime ethers 6m- s exhibited a broad spectrum and remarkably higher activities against all tested fungi. Especially, the 6-methylindene-substituted compound 6p was identified as the most promising candidate for further study.
By means of continuous deposition of the surface tension-lowering solvent at the quiescent water surface, the closed-loop Marangoni convection can be induced as a single convection cell at the air water interface. For this single Marangoni convection cell, its temporal-spatial evolution is visualized by means of the shadowgraph optical method, and its surface radial velocity distribution is measured with the help of the high speed photography technique. Meanwhile, an absorption experiment of CO2 into water, a scaling analysis, and a 2-D numerical simulation are conducted, respectively, to investigate mass transfer performance and flow characteristics of the induced Marangoni convection. Results show that the induced Marangoni convection has the high surface velocity, the sharp velocity gradient is in the immediate vicinity of the water surface, and the velocity of the Marangoni convection in the bulk of water is much less than that near the interface. The high surface velocity of the Marangoni convection along with its closed-loop flow structure impels exchange of the solvent between the interfacial neighborhood and the bulk of liquid and enhances renewal of the interfacial fluid.National Natural Science Foundation of China [20606027
A novel reactive distillation (RD) process for phenol production with high energy efficiency was developed, in which concentrating cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) was integrated with its decomposition in the RD column using a cation exchange resin as the catalyst. Results from the kinetic experiments showed that the dry resin (AMBERLYST 35DRY) is superior to the wet one (AMBERLYST 35WET) because of the negative influence of the high water content in the latter. Meanwhile, the intrinsic kinetics of CHP decomposition catalyzed by the dry resin was obtained by regression analysis with consideration of diffusion resistances of the catalyst. A lab-scale RD column was designed by some calculations with the obtained kinetics, and the corresponding experiments were carried out to study the technical feasibility and the performance in terms of energy efficiency. Besides the high conversion and selectivity of the new RD process, results also showed obvious significance of utilizing the decomposition heat for the distillation separation.
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