Investigation to biodiesel production by the two-step homogeneous base-catalyzed transesterification

Glycerol-enriched heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from soybean oil and waste frying oil

“…2). In the second methodology, the reaction was carried out in two steps, of 60 min each, and the separation of the glycerol was performed after the first step to shift the reaction equilibrium towards the products [17]. In order to do that, after the first step the catalyst was filtered, glycerol was removed by settling and the methanol in excess was recovered.…”

Glycerol extracting dealcoholization for the biodiesel separation process

“…Compared with the one-step transesterification process, the two-step transesterification process has further conversion of raw material, less content of the transesterification intermediate product monoglyceride, and higher yield of biodiesel due to removal of the byproduct glycerol before the second transesterification (Goff et al, 2004;Bournay et al, 2005;Cayhli and Kusefoglu, 2008;Ye et al, 2010). Therefore, by means of utilizing sunflower oil and Jatropha oil as raw oil respectively, in this work the one-step and twostep homogeneous base-catalyzed transesterification experiments have been carried out respectively to acquire crude biodiesel product and conduct following extracting separation.…”

“…Besides distillation, extraction is utilized widely to separate the liquid mixture in the chemical industry, so Tizvar et al (2009) investigated some extraction agents for separation between glycerol and methyl esters. However, so far only water has been proposed as the extracting agent to extract methanol from methyl esters for the biodiesel separation process (Ye et al, 2010). By means of water extracting dealcoholization, the energy consumption of the corresponding biodiesel separation process can be reduced about 35% in comparison with that of the traditional distillation separation process (Ye et al, 2010), and it shows the advantage of the extracting dealcoholization.…”

“…However, so far only water has been proposed as the extracting agent to extract methanol from methyl esters for the biodiesel separation process (Ye et al, 2010). By means of water extracting dealcoholization, the energy consumption of the corresponding biodiesel separation process can be reduced about 35% in comparison with that of the traditional distillation separation process (Ye et al, 2010), and it shows the advantage of the extracting dealcoholization. However, in this case the additional water separation unit has to be supplemented into the biodiesel separation process, and the corresponding separation process becomes complex.…”

Biodiesel production from vegetable oil: Process design, evaluation and optimization

“…To avoid side-stream reactions as well as trans-esterifi cation, the FFA content was taken to be 0.05% -mass ratio 34 . Feed stream was taken as product of NaOH-catalyzed bi-reactor system operating at 60 o C and 1atm 35-37 with the overall conversion of 97.7%, using two series reactors has already been investigated in previous researches 38- 39 . Taking into account the low cost, accessibility and handling considerations, methanol was employed in this investigation as the model-type alcohol, since it may not cause difference in chemical structure of fi nal obtained biodiesel 39-40 .…”