Novel Reactive Distillation Process for Phenol Production with a Dry Cation Exchange Resin as the Catalyst

Ye, Jianchu; Li, Jun; Sha, Yong; Xu, Yong; Zhou, Daowei

doi:10.1021/ie500165m

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Over HUSY with Si/Al ratios of 15-40 CHP converts up to 100% with good selectivity (0.1% w/w HUSY, 60 • C, 20 min reaction time). The high hydrophilicity of the HUSY zeolite require to be activated at 500 • C. That pre-activation diminishes poisoning by water, preventing loss of activity over several runs [66,[72][73][74].…”

Section: Zeolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resins used consist of a macroporous polystyrene backbone and sulfonic acid groups as ion-exchange groups. Ye et al used AMBERLYST 35WET and AMBERLYST 35DRY with the polystyrene-backbone cross-linked with divinylbenzene [74]. Huang et al selected a resin entitled TH-02 with additional not otherwise specified functional groups to obtain higher exchange capacity and large internal pores [75].…”

Section: Ion Exchange Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their experiments showed that a dry resin has superior catalytic activity. This is explained by the negative influence of the high water content on the intermediate dehydration step in the CHP decomposition [74].…”

Section: Ion Exchange Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solid Acid Catalysts for the Hock Cleavage of Hydroperoxides

et al. 2022

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The oxidation of cumene and following cleavage of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) with sulfuric acid (Hock rearrangement) is still, by far, the dominant synthetic route to produce phenol. In 2020, the global phenol market reached a value of 23.3 billion US$ with a projected compound annual growth rate of 3.4% for 2020–2025. From ecological and economical viewpoints, the key step of this process is the cleavage of CHP. One sought-after way to likewise reduce energy consumption and waste production of the process is to substitute sulfuric acid with heterogeneous catalysts. Different types of zeolites, silicon-based clays, heteropoly acids, and ion exchange resins have been investigated and tested in various studies. For every type of these solid acid catalysts, several materials were found that show high yield and selectivity to phenol. In this mini-review, first a brief introduction and overview on the Hock process is given. Next, the mechanism, kinetics, and safety aspects are summarized and discussed. Following, the different types of heterogeneous catalysts and their performance as catalyst in the Hock process are illustrated. Finally, the different approaches to substitute sulfuric acid in the synthetic route to produce phenol are briefly concluded and a short outlook is given.

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Section: Zeolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ion Exchange Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solid Acid Catalysts for the Hock Cleavage of Hydroperoxides

et al. 2022

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“…), (2) ammonia removal (i.e., adsorption, 5 air stripping, 6 etc. ), (3) phenols removal (i.e., electrocoagulation, 7 extraction, 8 distillation, 9 etc. ), and (4) inorganic salt desalination (i.e., reverse osmosis-RO, 10 multiple-effect distillation-MED, 11 crystallization, 12 etc.).…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Synthesis of Water Networks for Addressing High-Concentration Wastewater in Coal-Based Chemical Plants

Zhu

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2017

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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This paper outlines the development of an optimization-based method for synthesizing a water network, which incorporates various treatment technologies to address the high-concentration wastewater in coal-based chemical plants. One important feature of the proposed approach is that it associates a multistep wastewater treatment design within a source–regeneration–sink superstructure. This design can enforce certain design and structural specifications to tighten the model formulation and enhance solution convergence. A mixed integer nonlinear programming problem is formulated based on the proposed superstructure, which involves unit-specific shortcut models instead of the fixed impurities removal model to describe it accurately. The proposed method for water network synthesis is demonstrated using two case studies, which determine the effect of streams composition and wastewater treatment technologies on the total network cost, freshwater consumption, and water network design. The results highlight the ability of the proposed model for the developed water network synthesis by computing quickly and realizing the goals of cost savings and discharge reduction.

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“…4 Moreover, a novel phenol process by RD using resin as a catalyst was developed and surveyed in our previous work. 5 In the novel phenol RD process, the unconcentrated cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) feed, containing cumene, dimethyl-benzyl carbinol (DMBA), and a small amount of acetophenone (AP), was directly sent into the reactive section of the RD column, where the CHP decomposed to phenol and acetone (reaction 1):…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Transfer Resistances in the Reactive Distillation Process for Phenol Production

Zhuo

Zhong

et al. 2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The transfer resistances of the reactive distillation (RD) process for phenol production by using a dry resin called Amberlyst 35DRY as a catalyst were evaluated, including the transport resistance between vapor–liquid phases and the mass and heat transfer resistances of catalyst. The calculated results showed that the temperature of the reactive section in the RD column significantly increased after considering the influence of the transfer resistances between vapor–liquid phases. Subsequently, studies relevant to the catalyst showed that the catalytic packing with catalyst film grown on the conventional structured packing surface had significantly higher catalyst effectiveness, in comparison with other types (MULTIPAK-I, etc.). Results of this work indicated that transfer resistances cannot be neglected in the RD process for phenol production, and the evaluation of them is significantly beneficial to the design and development of the process.

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Novel Reactive Distillation Process for Phenol Production with a Dry Cation Exchange Resin as the Catalyst

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Solid Acid Catalysts for the Hock Cleavage of Hydroperoxides

Solid Acid Catalysts for the Hock Cleavage of Hydroperoxides

Optimal Synthesis of Water Networks for Addressing High-Concentration Wastewater in Coal-Based Chemical Plants

Evaluation of Transfer Resistances in the Reactive Distillation Process for Phenol Production

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