PC and MPV are inversely associated with vitamin D levels in adults.

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BackgroundThe association between skipping breakfast and cardio-metabolic syndrome is well known. However, there are very few Korean studies about the habit of eating breakfast and hypertension. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the habit of eating breakfast and hypertension in a healthy Korean population.MethodsParticipants in the 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) were enrolled for this study. Medical history, including hypertension, was measured using a 24-hour recall method. The habit of eating breakfast was estimated from self-reported questionnaires and was classified into two groups: the eating breakfast group, defined as those who ate breakfast more than 5 times per week, and the not eating breakfast group, defined as those who did not eat any breakfast for a week.ResultsThe crude odds ratio of skipping breakfast for the prevalence of hypertension was 0.366. However, after adjusting for all considerable confounding factors (age, sex, regular exercise, current smoking, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, and red blood cell counts), not eating breakfast was associated with a higher risk of HTN (OR = 1.065; 95% CI = 1.057–1.073; p-value < 0.001)ConclusionThe habit of eating breakfast was associated with a lower risk of hypertension among healthy Korean adults.

Background: Previous observational epidemiological studies have reported inconsistent findings about the association between longer durations of sleep and the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. To investigate the association between longer durations of sleep and the risk of cognitive decline, we performed a meta-analysis of observational studies. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the bibliographies of relevant articles to retrieve additional studies in July 2015. A total of 53,942 participants (mean age 66.9 years) were included in the final analysis. Three evaluators independently reviewed and selected articles, based on pre-determined selection criteria. Results: Among a total of 695 articles, 10 observational epidemiological studies with 3 case-control studies and 7 cohort studies were included in the final analysis. Compared to the average sleep duration, the odds ratio or relative risk of the longest sleep duration was 1.42 (95% CI 1.27-1.59) for cognitive decline in the fixed-effect meta-analysis, 1.38 for cognitive impairment (95% CI 1.23-1.56), and 1.42 for dementia (95% CI 1.15-1.77). Subgroup meta-analyses by various factors such as study design, type of cognitive decline, gender, region, age, and methodological quality of study showed consistent findings. Conclusion: The current meta-analysis found that longer duration of sleep is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline.

Several observational epidemiological studies have reported inconsistent results on the association between the use of benzodiazepine and the risk of cancer. We investigated the association by using a meta‐analysis. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the bibliographies of relevant articles to locate additional publications in January 2016. Three evaluators independently reviewed and selected eligible studies based on predetermined selection criteria. Of 796 articles meeting our initial criteria, a total of 22 observational epidemiological studies with 18 case‐control studies and 4 cohort studies were included in the final analysis. Benzodiazepine use was significantly associated with an increased risk of cancer (odds ratio [OR] or relative risk [RR] 1.19; 95% confidence interval 1.16–1.21) in a random‐effects meta‐analysis of all studies. Subgroup meta‐analyses by various factors such as study design, type of case‐control study, study region, and methodological quality of study showed consistent findings. Also, a significant dose‐response relationship was observed between the use of benzodiazepine and the risk of cancer (p for trend <0.01). The current meta‐analysis of observational epidemiological studies suggests that benzodiazepine use is associated with an increased risk of cancer.

This study determined the effects of interprofessional education (IPE) on self-efficacy and attitude by comparing an interprofessional (IP) group of medical students (MSs) and nursing students (NSs) and a uniprofessional (UP) group of MSs. Methods: An experimental IP group consisting of 49 MSs and 62 NSs was selected, alongside a UP control group of 48 other MSs. The groups participated in a class titled "Team Communication and Interprofessional Collaboration." A sub-analysis of the two groups' professions was also conducted. The groups participated in the same lesson separately, with a week's interval. The Interprofessional Attitudes Scale (IPAS) and the Self-Efficacy Perception for Interprofessional Experiential Learning (SEIEL) scale were used before and after the class to compare changes in reports of self-efficacy and attitudes in both groups. Students' responses to learning experiences and satisfaction were also evaluated. Results: IPAS and SEIEL values increased after the class for MSs in both groups; there were no differences between the groups. IPAS and SEIEL values increased after the class in MSs and NSs in the IP group, and the effect size for IPAS was larger for IP-group NSs than for IP-group MSs. Satisfaction scores exceeded 3.70 in both groups. Conclusion: The UP group showed similar IPE effects as the IP group, as measured by SEIEL and IPAS, in a single IPE program that used role-play and case-based discussion. However, it would be desirable for the UP group to interact with other professions to improve understanding and experience.

The aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal change in muscle mass over 10 years according to serum calcium levels and calcium intake. A total of 1497 men and 1845 women aged 50 years and older were included. Significant muscle loss (SML) was defined as a 5% or greater loss from baseline, while time-dependent development of SML was assessed according to quartiles for corrected calcium level and daily calcium intake using Cox regression models. The incidence of SML was 6.7 and 7.7 per 100-person-years among men and women, respectively. Groups with the lowest corrected calcium levels had more prominent SML than those with higher calcium levels, regardless of sex. The relationship between SML and calcium intake was significant only among women. The hazard ratio for SML per 1 mmol/L increase in corrected calcium level was 0.236 and 0.237 for men and women, respectively. In conclusion, low serum calcium levels may predict SML among adults aged ≥ 50 years, while low calcium intake may be a predictor for muscle loss among women. Therefore, encouraging dietary calcium intake among middle-aged and older adults for preservation of muscle mass should be considered.

Longer reproductive years were significantly associated with a decreased prevalence of MetS.