In nursing, the prevalence rates of compassion fatigue and burnout are high. Better education and training may have a moderating effect on compassion fatigue and burnout and could improve the quality of life of nurses.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Economic forces, competitive pressures and technological advances have created an environment within which firms have developed new ways of organizing (e.g. virtual work settings) and managing their resources (e.g. knowledge management) in order to maintain and improve firm performance. Extant research has highlighted the challenges associated with managing knowledge in virtual settings. However, researchers are still struggling to provide effective guidance to practitioners in this field. We believe that a better understanding of individual virtual competency is a potential avenue for managing the complexity of knowledge transfer in virtual settings. In particular, we suggest that optimal knowledge transfers can be achieved by individuals armed with the right personal capabilities and skills for virtual work, particularly when those knowledge transfers are emergent, bottom-up and cannot be specified a priori. The virtual competency exhibited by individuals can be the key to overcoming the constraints of knowledge transfers with such characteristics because underlying competency can facilitate effective action in unfamiliar and novel situations. In this conceptual research, we develop a theoretical model of individual virtual competence and describe its role in the communication process, which underpins effective knowledge transfer in virtual settings. Additionally, we consider the antecedent role that prior experience in virtual activity plays in aiding workers to develop virtual competence, which in turn engenders effective knowledge transfer. We conclude with implications for future research and for practicing managers.i sj_318 571..594

We demonstrate that unmodified commercial Flash memory can provide two important security functions: true random number generation and digital fingerprinting. Taking advantage of random telegraph noise (a type of quantum noise source in highly scaled Flash memory cells) enables high quality true random number generation at a rate up to 10Kbits / second. A scheme based on partial programming exploits process variation in threshold voltages to allow quick generation of many unique fingerprints that can be used for identification and authentication. Both schemes require no change to Flash chips or interfaces, and do not require additional hardware.

Bosons with finite lifetime exhibit condensation and lasing when their influx exceeds the lasing threshold determined by the dissipative losses. In general, different one-particle states decay differently, and the bosons are usually assumed to condense in the state with the longest lifetime. Interaction between the bosons partially neglected by such an assumption can smear the lasing threshold into a threshold domain-a stable lasing manybody state exists within certain intervals of the bosonic influxes. This recently described weak lasing regime is formed by the spontaneously symmetry breaking and phase-locking self-organization of bosonic modes, which results in an essentially manybody state with a stable balance between gains and losses. Here we report, to our knowledge, the first observation of the weak lasing phase in a one-dimensional condensate of exciton-polaritons subject to a periodic potential. Real and reciprocal space photoluminescence images demonstrate that the spatial period of the condensate is twice as large as the period of the underlying periodic potential. These experiments are realized at room temperature in a ZnO microwire deposited on a silicon grating. The period doubling takes place at a critical pumping power, whereas at a lower power polariton emission images have the same periodicity as the grating.weak lasing | superlattice | polariton | condensate | symmetry breaking T he application of artificial periodic potentials to electrons and photons causes a rich variety of phenomena, from electronic minibands in semiconductor superlattices to characteristic stop bands in photonic crystals (1-4). These phenomena form the basis for further developments of optoelectronics. Cavity polaritons (5, 6) (quasi-particles formed by the strong coupling of confined photons with excitons) attracted much attention in recent years due to the remarkable coherent effects linked to their half-matter, half-light nature (7-11). As a result, a new area of physics at the boundary between solid-state physics and photonics has emerged.Experiments on spatially inhomogeneous polariton condensation are usually interpreted assuming that all one-particle states have the same lifetime (12, 13). Lifting off this assumption leads to the prediction (14) of the "weak lasing" state of interacting polaritons: a type of condensate stabilized by the spontaneous reduction of the symmetry rather than by the dissipation nonlinearities due to, e.g., reservoir depletion. In this work we report, to our knowledge, the first experimental observation of room-temperature polariton condensation in 1D superlattices, which brings clear evidence for the weak lasing state.The polariton superlattice was assembled using a ZnO microrod with a hexagonal cross-section: a natural whispering gallery resonator to efficiently confine exciton-polaritons (15, 16). Setting the microrod on a silicon slice with periodically arranged channels (Fig. 1) allowed us to avoid the intrinsic structural diffraction typical for the structures with periodic patterns ...