Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic systemic disease that has increases in prevalence over time. DM can affect all ocular structures, with cataract being the most common ocular complication. Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Due to several mechanisms, there is an increased incidence of cataract formation in the diabetic population. Advancements in technology have now made cataract surgery a common and safe procedure. However, the diabetic population is still at risk of vision-threatening complications, such as diabetic macular edema (ME), postoperative ME, diabetic retinopathy progression, and posterior capsular opacification.

No abstract

To evaluate the effect of perifoveal pseudocysts on the anatomical outcomes of the idiopathic macular hole surgery as a prognostic factor.Twenty-one eyes of 20 consecutive patients with a Gass stage 3 or 4 idiopathic macular hole were enrolled in this prospective study between March 2012 and May 2013. Demographic data, medical history, and ocular examinations were recorded preoperatively and on postoperative day 1, week 1, and month 1, 3, and 6. Five spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) parameters were analyzed: macular hole (MH) basal diameter, MH minimum diameter, MH height, macular hole index, and a new parameter, the area of macular pseudocysts via the software of SD-OCT device at the widest cross section of the MH formation.The mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 0.86 ± 0.29 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) (between 0.4 and 1.3) and improved to 0.64 ± 0.28 LogMAR (between 0.22 and 1.23) postoperatively (P = 0.004). There was a statistical significant difference between both MH basal diameter and MH pseudocyst area with anatomical success, respectively (P = 0.016 for MH basal diameter, P = 0.004 for MH pseudocyst area). The anatomical closure was correlated with MH basal diameter and MH pseudocyst area (P = 0.01 and P = 0.001, respectively). Spearman correlation rank coefficient between with MH basal diameter and MH pseudocyst area was r = 0.493 and statistically significant (P = 0.02).Perifoveal pseudocysts seem to be associated with anatomic failure and may be used as a prognostic factor in MH surgery.

The findings of the present study show that the tamponade used in RRD surgery can affect the retinal layers differently. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2018;49:41-47.].

No abstract

No abstract

Purpose: To quantify the vessel density of the macula and optic disc and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in healthy children and to evaluate the effects of age, gender, axial length, body mass index (BMI), and refractive errors on vessel density and FAZ. Methods: This study enrolled 92 eyes of 92 participants (42 boys and 50 girls). Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed using AngioVue (Avanti; Optivue). FAZ area, nonflow area, superficial and deep vessel density, FAZ perimeter, acircularity index of FAZ, foveal density, and radial peripapillary capillary vessel density were analyzed by gender. Correlations between the investigated OCTA parameters and age, axial length, and BMI were evaluated. Results: Girls had significantly larger nonflow and FAZ area than boys ( P = .01 and .02). Superficial and deep vessel density at the fovea was significantly higher in boys compared to girls ( P = .01 and .03). Inferior temporal and superior temporal Radial peripapillary capillary vessel densities were significantly higher in girls than boys ( P = .01 and .03). No significant difference was found in the macular and optic disc vessel density measurements within refractive groups ( P > .05, for all). Regarding the correlation of age with FAZ and vessel density parameters, only nonflow area was positively correlated with age ( r = 0.22, P = .03). Conclusions: This study provides normative data for children. Although boys had greater foveal vessel density, girls had greater FAZ area and nonflow area. Refractive status of the eye and BMI did not influence the OCTA parameters. Although nonflow area was positively correlated with age, other parameters were steady within the ages of 7 to 18 years. [ J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus . 2020;57(6):388–398.]

Purpose. To quantitatively evaluate the effects of peeled internal limiting membrane (ILM) area and anatomic outcomes following macular hole surgery using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods. Forty-one eyes in 37 consecutive patients with idiopathic, Gass stage 3-4 macular hole (MH) were enrolled in this retrospective comparative study. All patients were divided into 2 groups according to anatomic success or failure. Basal MH diameter, peeled ILM area, and MH height were calculated using SD-OCT. Other prognostic parameters, including age, stage, preoperative BCVA, and symptom duration were also assessed. Results. Thirty-two cases were classified as anatomic success, and 9 cases were classified as anatomic failure. Peeled ILM area was significantly wider and MH basal diameter was significantly less in the anatomic success group (p = 0.024 and 0.032, resp.). Other parameters did not demonstrate statistical significance. Conclusion. The findings of the present study show that the peeled ILM area can affect the anatomic outcomes of MH surgery.