Cataract in diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic systemic disease that has increases in prevalence over time. DM can affect all ocular structures, with cataract being the most common ocular complication. Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Due to several mechanisms, there is an increased incidence of cataract formation in the diabetic population. Advancements in technology have now made cataract surgery a common and safe procedure. However, the diabetic population is still at risk of vision-threatening complications, such as diabetic macular edema (ME), postoperative ME, diabetic retinopathy progression, and posterior capsular opacification.

Adjuvant Therapy With Mushroom Polysaccharides for Diabetic Complications

“…Cataract symptoms mature earlier in DM patients than in other populations (Peterson et al, 2018). Different types of mechanisms have been proposed for the pathogenesis of cataract caused by DM, such as the polyol pathway, osmotic stress, OS and autoimmunity (Kiziltoprak et al, 2019). Cataract surgery is a common therapeutic strategy; however, unsuccessful surgery increases intraocular inflammatory cytokines (Kelkar et al, 2018).…”

The elevated risk of sight-threatening cataract in diabetes with retinopathy: a cohort study

“…[27] The hyperglycemic status leads to the additional production of sorbital from the Polyol pathway for glucose metabolism in lens. [18] Due to elevated osmotic pressure caused by the build-up of sorbital, [27] the excess fluid influx the lens which lead to cell swelling, membrane impairment and following cataract. [18] On the other hand, the DR would lead to an intraocular condition of hypoxia, ischemia and inflammation.…”

“…[18] Due to elevated osmotic pressure caused by the build-up of sorbital, [27] the excess fluid influx the lens which lead to cell swelling, membrane impairment and following cataract. [18] On the other hand, the DR would lead to an intraocular condition of hypoxia, ischemia and inflammation. [24] In the previous review article concerning PDR, the reactive oxygen spices, inflammatory cytokines and vascular endothelial growth factors were increased in the vitreous cavity, [28] and the oxidative stress is also the risk factors of cataract formation according to preceding laboratory studies.…”

“…[13][14][15][16] Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder featuring with hyperglycemia and insulin dysregulation which influence eye mainly on the retina and cataract development. [17][18][19][20][21] The risk of cataract formation can be up to five-folds in patients with DM compared to non-DM induviduals. [22] Although the relationship between DM and cataract occurrence has been well-established before, there are still some issues to be addressed.…”

“…Whether the duration of DM was a risk factor of developing cataract showed conflicting results in the previous studies. [18,23] In addition, the presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR), which indicates a worse ocular condition in DM patients, [19,24] may also influence the incidence of cataract but has rarely been reported elsewhere. Moreover, the DR can be categorized into non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and a more severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), [25] while the effect of different DR severity on cataract formation that needs surgery is also unknown.…”