ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT02497729; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.

ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT02497729; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.

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The adjunctive use of UV-A and B2 therapy did not demonstrate antitrophozoite activity; in vivo UV-A and B2 did not demonstrate efficacy in this model.

Key Points Question What is the association of school reopening or closure with incident and cumulative COVID-19 case numbers compared with other community-based nonpharmaceutical interventions? Findings In this decision analytical modelling study of a synthetic population of 1 000 000 individuals in Ontario, Canada, compared with community-based nonpharmaceutical interventions, school closure was associated with a small change in estimated COVID-19 incidence trajectories and cumulative case counts. Meaning These findings suggest that community-based interventions to reduce COVID-19 case counts should take precedence over school closure.

The impact of long-wave ultraviolet combined with riboflavin photosensitizer showed no antifungal effect on C. albicans and F. solani. The significant decrease in cell morphology of both filamentous fungi and yeasts submitted to photosensitizing riboflavin and exposure to ultraviolet light, respectively, may be promising in the development and standardization of alternatives for fungal cell inactivation, because of their minimal cytotoxic effects on the corneal surface. The methodological improvement in the preparation and application of individual chemical compounds, such as riboflavin, or physical systems, such as a long-wave light source, as antifungal agents may also assist in establishing promising therapeutic procedures for keratomycosis.

The goal of this study was to understand safety climate in the United States (U.S.) fire service, which responded to more than 31 million calls to the 9-1-1 emergency response system in 2013. The majority of those calls (68 %) were for medical assistance, while only 4 % of calls were fire-related, highlighting that the 9-1-1 system serves as a critical public health safety net. We conducted focus groups and interviews with 123 firefighters from 12 fire departments across the United States. Using an iterative analytic approach supported by NVivo 10 software, we developed consensus regarding key themes. Firefighters concurred that the 9-1-1 system is strained and increasingly called upon to deliver Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in the community. Much like the hospital emergency department, EMS frequently assists low-income and elderly populations who have few alternative sources of support. Firefighters highlighted the high volume of low-acuity calls that occupy much of their workload, divert resources from true emergencies, and lead to unwarranted occupational hazards like speeding to respond to non-serious calls. As a result, firefighters reported high occupational stress, low morale, and desensitization to community needs. Firefighters’ called for improvements to the 9-1-1 system—the backbone of emergency response in the U.S.—including better systems of triage, more targeted use of EMS resources, continuing education to align with job demands, and a strengthened social safety net to address the persistent needs of poor and elderly populations.