ABSTRACT

<p>Outbreak of parasites can reduce aquaculture productivity or even cause mass mortality of fish. Few quantities of parasite infection may still be tolerated by the host, however high intensity of infection can impair to fish metabolism or even damage of organelle.  Proper treatment can be done when parasite infecting fish is known.  This study was conducted to record parasite infecting "dumbo" catfish <em>Clarias</em> sp. that is reared by farmers in three location at Bogor, i.e. Cimanggu, Cijeruk and Cibinong.  Data included prevalence and intensity of parasite were analyzed descriptively. There were 7 kinds of parasite infecting catfish from Cimanggu, i.e. <em>Trichodina, </em>Myxosporea,<em> </em><em>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</em><em>, </em>Metacercaria<em>, Gyrodactylus, Dactylogyrus </em>and <em>Lytocestus parvulus</em>.  Monogenean was dominant parasite infecting catfish from Cimanggu, i.e. 61% was <em>Dactylogyrus </em>with 83.33% of prevalence and 12.37 of intensity levels.  <em>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, </em>Metacercaria<em> </em>and<em> </em>Myxosporea were only found from Cimanggu samples.   Catfish from Cijeruk infected by 5 kinds of parasites, i.e. <em>Cryptobia </em>sp<em>., Vorticella, Gyrodactylus, Dactylogyrus</em> and <em>Lytocestus parvulus.</em> Same pattern with Cimanggu, samples from Cijeruk were also dominant infected by monogenean, i.e. 46% was <em>Dactylogyrus </em>with 96.667% of prevalence and 20.694 of intensity levels.  Samples from Cibinong were infected by 6 kinds of parasites, i.e. <em>Vorticella,</em><em> </em><em>Trichodina,</em><em> </em><em>Gyrodactylus, Dactylogyrus</em>, <em>Lytocestus parvulus </em>and <em>Branchionus</em>.  <em>Branchionus</em> was not parasite, but is as ectocomensal. Parasite dominating in Cibinong samples was <em>Branchionus </em>by 32% with 33.333% of prevalence and 0.555 of intensity levels.</p> <p>Keywords: parasite, "dumbo" catfish, <em>Clarias</em> sp., inventarisation, Bogor</p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Parasit yang menginfeksi ikan budidaya dapat mengakibatkan menurunnya produksi bahkan kematian masal. Dalam jumlah sedikit, parasit yang menginfeksi masih dapat ditolerir oleh inang, tetapi dapat menyebabkan gangguan metabolisme bahkan kerusakan organ jika terjadi dalam intensitas yang tinggi. Dengan mengetahui jenis organisme parasit yang menyerang lele, penanggulangannya akan lebih mudah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi parasit yang terdapat pada ikan lele dumbo <em>Clarias </em>sp. yang dibudidayakan oleh petani di 3 lokasi di Kabupaten Bogor yaitu Cimanggu, Cijeruk dan Cibinong. Data meliputi prevalensi dan intensitas parasit yang diperoleh dianalisa secara deskriptif. Sebanyak 7 jenis parasit yang teridentifikasi menginfeksi ikan lele dari Cimanggu, yaitu <em>Trichodina, </em>Myxosporea,<em> </em><em>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</em><em>, </em>Metacercaria<em>, Gyrodactylus, Dactylogyrus </em>dan<em> Lytocestus parvulus. </em>Monogenea merupakan parasit yang mendominasi lele dari daerah ini. yaitu <em>Dactylogyrus </em>sebesar 61% dengan nilai prevalensi sebesar 83,333% dan intensitas sebesar 12,370. Terdapat <em>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, </em>Metacercaria<em> </em>dan<em> </em>Myxosporea yang didentifikasi dari ikan sampel yang hanya berasal dari Cimanggu.  Ikan sample dari Cijeruk mengandung sebanyak 5 jenis parasit yaitu <em>Cryptobia </em>sp<em>., Vorticella, Gyrodactylus, Dactylogyrus</em> dan <em>Lytocestus parvulus. </em>Sama halnya dengan Cimanggu, pada daerah Cijeruk juga didominasi oleh jenis monogenea yaitu <em>Dactylogyrus </em>sebesar 46% dengan  nilai prevalensi sebesar  96,667% dan nilai intensitas sebesar 20,694.<em> </em>Sampel dari Cibinong ditemukan sebanyak 6 jenis parasit yaitu <em>Vorticella,</em><em> </em><em>Trichodina,</em><em> </em><em>Gyrodactylus, Dactylogyrus</em>, <em>Lytocestus parvulus </em>dan <em>Branchionus</em>. <em>Branchionus</em> diduga bukan merupakan parasit tetapi ektokomensal. Dari Cibinong didominasi oleh <em>Branchionus </em>sebesar 32% dengan nilai prevalensi sebesar 33,333% dan nilai intensitas sebesar 0,555.</p> <p>Kata kunci : parasit, lele dimbo, <em>Clarias </em>sp., inventarisasi dan Bogor</p>

The water level in the cultivation of eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) is an important study in order to provide the optimal water level for cultivation. Optimizing the water level will affect the substitution of respiration energy with energy to grow. In addition, the water level information is related to the efficiency of water use for eel production in the future. Information on water level for eel production is still very limited, so this research is necessary to do. A total of 120 eel elver (initial weight 13.66 ± 0.09 g) were collected from eel companies in Bogor City, Indonesia. Fish were reared in vertical aquaculture systems with a stocking density of 10 fish per container for 60 days. The artificial feed containing 55% protein given as much as 3–5% of the biomass. Absorption and water replacement were done 20% per day. The result of this research showed that fish weight increased with an average of 33.45 ± 0.33 g. Different water levels had an impact to KKb, SGOT, ALP, and He. There was erosion of the skin epidermis and necrosis of the gill filaments due to the adaptation process. Water quality was within the optimum range for all treatments and 1.5 cm water level is recommended for maintenance (SGOT, ALP and He values were closest to normal values).

Aquaculture is is often constrained by the availability of water, both in quality and quantity. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum maintenance system of elver (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) on a wet, moist and dry system through production performance studies and physiological responses. The research was conducted from August to September 2018 at the Production Technic and Management of Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, IPB University. A completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications was used in this study, namely treatment with high water wet system 0% of body height (A), high water wet system 50% of body height (B), high water wet system 100% of body height (C), moist system (D), and dry system (E). The body weight of elver was 18.80 ± 0.62 g which derived from fish cultivator in Bogor, West Java. Fish was fed 3 times per day at satiation with commercial feed which a protein content of 50%. Results showed that treatment C was the best result with survival rate of 100%, the specific growth rate of 0.45% day -1, the absolute growth rate of 0.07 g day 1 and feed conversion ratio of 6.57. The analysis of variance showed that the treatments showed the significant effect (P <0.05). The blood glucose value closest to the eel condition before treatment was found in the treatment C.

<p>Transportation of fish fry with high density in closed system will reduce levels of O2, increasing CO2 and NH3, will also elevate the fish stress so that increase fish mortality. To reduce the effects of increased CO2 and NH3 can be applied by using zeolite and activated charcoal, while to reduce the fish stress is through the addition of salt. This study aims to determine the dose of salt added into the water containing zeolite and activated charcoal in a closed transportation system with a high fry density for 72 hours. The study was conducted two stages, namely the preliminary study and the primary study. The preliminary study involved the observation of the survival rate of fish fry during fasting, oxygen consumption rate of fish fry, the rate of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) excretion of fish fry, and the adsorption capacity of TAN by zeolite and activated charcoal. In the primary study, fry transport simulations was carried out for 72 hours in the laboratory. Gourami fry (body length of 4 cm and body weight of 1.7 g) with the fry density of 50 fish/L were placed in the packing bag which has been filled with zeolite as much as 20 g/L and activated charcoal as much as 10 g/L. The study used a completely randomized design with five treatments and two replications: A: blank (without zeolite, activated charcoal, and salt), B: control (20 g/L zeolite+10 g/L activated charcoal), C: 20 g/L zeolite+10 g/L activated charcoal and 1 g/L salt, D: 20 g/L zeolite+10 g/L activated charcoal and 3 g/L of salt, and E: 20 g/ L zeolite+10 g/L activated charcoal and 5 g/L salt. The results of preliminary study showed that the survival rate of fish fry was 100% and active swimming for five days without food, the level of oxygen consumption as much as 1340.28 mgO2, produce NH3 as much as 22.64 mg/L, while zeolite and activated charcoal adsorbs &gt;50% of TAN in time of 120 seconds. In the primary study, the survival rate of fish fry during the 72-hour transportation for treatments A, B, C, D, and E, were 0%, 57%, 59%, 65% and 74%, respectively. Treatment E with survival rate of 74% was obtained at NH3 concentration of 0.016±0.069 mg/L and CO2 as high as 89.89 mg/L while the DO of 4.26 mg/L. The highest growth and survival rate of fry for 17 days post-transportation was treatment E, accounting to 2.95% and 100%, respectively.</p><p>Keywords: zeolite, active charcoal, closed system transportation, survival rate, gourami fish</p>