Inventarisation of Parasite in ”Dumbo” Catfish Clarias sp. from Bogor Region

Abstract

<p>Outbreak of parasites can reduce aquaculture productivity or even cause mass mortality of fish. Few quantities of parasite infection may still be tolerated by the host, however high intensity of infection can impair to fish metabolism or even damage of organelle. Proper treatment can be done when parasite infecting fish is known. This study was conducted to record parasite infecting "dumbo" catfish <em>Clarias</em> sp. that is reared by farmers in three location at Bogor, i.e. Cimanggu, Cijeruk and Cibinong. Data included prevalence and intensity of parasite were analyzed descriptively. There were 7 kinds of parasite infecting catfish from Cimanggu, i.e. <em>Trichodina, </em>Myxosporea,<em> </em><em>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</em><em>, </em>Metacercaria<em>, Gyrodactylus, Dactylogyrus </em>and <em>Lytocestus parvulus</em>. Monogenean was dominant parasite infecting catfish from Cimanggu, i.e. 61% was <em>Dactylogyrus </em>with 83.33% of prevalence and 12.37 of intensity levels. <em>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, </em>Metacercaria<em> </em>and<em> </em>Myxosporea were only found from Cimanggu samples. Catfish from Cijeruk infected by 5 kinds of parasites, i.e. <em>Cryptobia </em>sp<em>., Vorticella, Gyrodactylus, Dactylogyrus</em> and <em>Lytocestus parvulus.</em> Same pattern with Cimanggu, samples from Cijeruk were also dominant infected by monogenean, i.e. 46% was <em>Dactylogyrus </em>with 96.667% of prevalence and 20.694 of intensity levels. Samples from Cibinong were infected by 6 kinds of parasites, i.e. <em>Vorticella,</em><em> </em><em>Trichodina,</em><em> </em><em>Gyrodactylus, Dactylogyrus</em>, <em>Lytocestus parvulus </em>and <em>Branchionus</em>. <em>Branchionus</em> was not parasite, but is as ectocomensal. Parasite dominating in Cibinong samples was <em>Branchionus </em>by 32% with 33.333% of prevalence and 0.555 of intensity levels.</p> <p>Keywords: parasite, "dumbo" catfish, <em>Clarias</em> sp., inventarisation, Bogor</p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Parasit yang menginfeksi ikan budidaya dapat mengakibatkan menurunnya produksi bahkan kematian masal. Dalam jumlah sedikit, parasit yang menginfeksi masih dapat ditolerir oleh inang, tetapi dapat menyebabkan gangguan metabolisme bahkan kerusakan organ jika terjadi dalam intensitas yang tinggi. Dengan mengetahui jenis organisme parasit yang menyerang lele, penanggulangannya akan lebih mudah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi parasit yang terdapat pada ikan lele dumbo <em>Clarias </em>sp. yang dibudidayakan oleh petani di 3 lokasi di Kabupaten Bogor yaitu Cimanggu, Cijeruk dan Cibinong. Data meliputi prevalensi dan intensitas parasit yang diperoleh dianalisa secara deskriptif. Sebanyak 7 jenis parasit yang teridentifikasi menginfeksi ikan lele dari Cimanggu, yaitu <em>Trichodina, </em>Myxosporea,<em> </em><em>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</em><em>, </em>Metacercaria<em>, Gyrodactylus, Dactylogyrus </em>dan<em> Lytocestus parvulus. </em>Monogenea merupakan parasit yang mendominasi lele dari daerah ini. yaitu <em>Dactylogyrus </em>sebesar 61% dengan nilai prevalensi sebesar 83,333% dan intensitas sebesar 12,370. Terdapat <em>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, </em>Metacercaria<em> </em>dan<em> </em>Myxosporea yang didentifikasi dari ikan sampel yang hanya berasal dari Cimanggu. Ikan sample dari Cijeruk mengandung sebanyak 5 jenis parasit yaitu <em>Cryptobia </em>sp<em>., Vorticella, Gyrodactylus, Dactylogyrus</em> dan <em>Lytocestus parvulus. </em>Sama halnya dengan Cimanggu, pada daerah Cijeruk juga didominasi oleh jenis monogenea yaitu <em>Dactylogyrus </em>sebesar 46% dengan nilai prevalensi sebesar 96,667% dan nilai intensitas sebesar 20,694.<em> </em>Sampel dari Cibinong ditemukan sebanyak 6 jenis parasit yaitu <em>Vorticella,</em><em> </em><em>Trichodina,</em><em> </em><em>Gyrodactylus, Dactylogyrus</em>, <em>Lytocestus parvulus </em>dan <em>Branchionus</em>. <em>Branchionus</em> diduga bukan merupakan parasit tetapi ektokomensal. Dari Cibinong didominasi oleh <em>Branchionus </em>sebesar 32% dengan nilai prevalensi sebesar 33,333% dan nilai intensitas sebesar 0,555.</p> <p>Kata kunci : parasit, lele dimbo, <em>Clarias </em>sp., inventarisasi dan Bogor</p>

Prevalence and Intensity of Ectoparasites on Clarias gariepinus From Aquaculture Pond in Aceh Besar District, Indonesia

“…The prevalence and intensity value of ectoparasites value in Aceh Besar District were higher compared to several other farming areas in Indonesia, such as in Gresik (Lestari, 2011) and Deli Serdang (Daulae et al, 2018). Number and types of ectoparasites that infect catfish in Aceh Besar aquaculture ponds were similar to the number and types of ectoparasites that infect catfish in Deli Serdang farming areas (Daulae et al, 2018), however, the number and types were less than those found to infect catfish in Bogor (10 types) (Hadiroseyani et al, 2006). This thought influenced by the water condition of the cultivation pond, which was relatively unpolluted and the lacking of anthropogenic activities around the farming areas.…”

“…and Ichthyopthyrius multifiliis (Figure 2). Several previous studies have reported that these ectoparasites also infect catfish in many places in Indonesia, for instance Semarang (Hasyimia et al, 2016), Bogor (Hadiroseyani et al, 2006) and Makassar (Anshary, 2008). Besides infecting catfish, these ectoparasites also have been reported to infect several species of fish such as goldfish (Carriasus auratus) (Anshary, 2008), carps (Cyprinus carpio) (Irwandi et al, 2005), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (Mulia, 2010), panga (Pangasius hypophthalmus) (Islami, 2017) and milkfish (Chanos chanos) (Riko et al, 2012).…”

“…Galli et al (2011) states that the increase in the intensity of parasites was linked to the decreasing water quality parameter in an aquatic environment. Although similar studied on ectoparasites on catfish have been reported in several locations in Indonesia such as in Bogor (Hadiroseyani, 2006), Makasar (Anshari, 2008) and Semarang (Pujiastuti & Setiati, 2015), currently, there are no information on the prevalence and intensity of ectoparasites on catfish from the aquaculture pond in Aceh Besar district. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence, intensity and dominance of ectoparasites on catfish from the aquaculture pond in Aceh Besar District.…”

Inventarisasi Ektoparasit Ikan Lele (Clarias Sp. ) Dan Nila (Oreochromis Niloticus) Di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara

“…Gyrodactylus sp. pada ikan lele sering ditemukan seperti di kolam budidaya tradisonal dan kolam bioflok di Aceh Besar [26], menginfeksi lele dumbo di kabupaten Bogor [27], lele sangkuriang di Kendal [28] dan menginfeksi ikan lele dan nila di Kota Kupang [14], [15]. Prevelensi dan intensitas keberadaan parasit dapat berbeda disuatu tempat seperti Dactylogirus sp.…”

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“…yang ditemukan memiliki ciri-ciri tubuh, yaitu tubuhnya pipih memanjang, memiliki empat tonjolan dan dua bintik mata pada bagian anterior, memiliki sucker (alat penghisap), memiliki Ophisthaptor terdapat dibagian posterior dengan sepasang kait (anchors), bagian ophisthaptor terdapat 14 kait marginal hook yang melingkari bagian tepi ophisthaptor yang berfungsi untuk melekatkan pada insang ikan. Hal ini sesuai dengan pernyataanHadiroseyani et al (2006), bahwa ektoparasit Dactylogyrus sp. pada bagian anterior terdapat bintik mata dan empat tonjolan dan bagian ophisthaptor terdapat 14 kait marginal hook pada tubuhnya.Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, Dactylogyrus sp.…”