The paper presents data on changes in the activity of amіnotransferase (aspartate aminotransferase – AST, alanine aminotransferase – ALT) in various organs and tissues of carp at different intensity of infestation with ectoparasites. The material for studying the activity of aminotransferases was one-year-old carp, spontaneously invasive with ectoparasites. For this purpose, twelve groups of fish were formed for 6 individuals in each, with a body weight of 38.0 ± 4.8 g. In four groups of fish (control and three experimental) for the defeat by ectoparasites L. cyprinacea, D. vastator and for mixed infestation. Our studies have shown that the activity of aminotransferases in hepatopancreas and skeletal muscles of carp significantly changes in the lesion of fish by lereneae. In particular, the activity of ALT in hepatopancreas was significantly higher compared to the control group. The tendency to increase was observed in tissues of skeletal muscles. In the study of AST activity, its growth in hepatopancreas and skeletal muscle was determined. For the defeat of fish by dactylosurus, the activity of aminotransferases in carp gills varies considerably. In particular, ALT activity in gills of fish of groups 3 and 4 was significantly higher compared to the control group. At the same time, the activity of ALT in the tissues of the hepatopancreas of the 4th experimental group was likely to increase. The tendency to increase is established in tissues of hepatopancreas and gills in the study of activity of AST. As a result of fish invasion by dactylosurus, the activity of AST in hepatopancreas increased by 1.2 times. At the same time, the growth of the AST index in the gills of the first year of carp in the 3rd and 4th groups was established. In the study of the activity of aminotransferases for mixed infestation, it was found that the activity of ALT and AST in tissues of hepatopancreas, skeletal muscles and gills of groups 2, 3 and 4 was significantly higher compared to the control group.
Intensification and development potential of the aquaculture sector have created problems relating to the ecological purity and quality of the final fish product. In the conditions of Ukraine, there is extremely little information regarding the objects of trout fishing. Therefore, the purpose of our work was to investigate and analyse individual chemical and biochemical parameters of muscle tissue of commercially profitable and valuable indigenous species of salmon fish grown under the same conditions. As the materials for research the brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the age of a year and a half (1+) served. According to the results of the research, moisture composition in the muscular tissue of brown trout was higher compared to rainbow trout and brook trout (P<0.01). In brook and rainbow trout, the amount of the protein is significantly higher (P<0.01) than in brown trout. The content of ash in brook trout, brown and rainbow trout was 1.23 %, 1.16 %, 1.25 %, respectively. The percentage of total lipids in the muscle tissue of rainbow trout and brook trout was significantly higher than in brown trout (P<0.01). The higher content of free cholesterol and mono-and diacylglycerols in brook trout compared to the brown and rainbow trout (P<0.01) was noticed.
The material for the study were Lubin carp of one year old spontaneously invaded by the ectoparasites Lernaea cyprinacea and Dactylogyrus vastator. For the experiment we used drugs: "Brovermectin-granulate" (development of “BFP” serial production; 1 g of the preparation contains: active substance (ADR) ivermectin – 3.5 mg; tocopherol acetate (20 mg) and Emamectin benzoate (manufactured by King Quenson Industry Group; 1 g of preparation contains ADR emamectin benzoate (50 mg). Analyzing morphological, biochemical and immunological parameters of blood and organs of fish, it is possible to state that the fact that the anti-parasitic drugs “Brovermectin granulate” and “Emamectin benzoate” has a pronounced antiparasitic effect, normalizing the homeostasis of the body. The results obtained showed significant fluctuations in the number neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes. In ectoparasites infested of fishes used for macrocyclic lactones, y leukocyte formula sharply increases the percentage of rod-shaped neutrophils and at the same time decreases the proportion of lymphocytes. At the same time, there is an increase in the number of eosinophils that perform the function of protecting the body of fish from parasites. Eosinophilia, as in the higher vertebrates, is one of objective indicators of allergy (sensitization) of the body, nature the course of inflammatory processes. The results obtained indicate a decrease in the production of total T-lymphocytes are cells that play a key role in the immune system protection in the body of carp for damage by ectoparasites. In analyzing the above data, attention is drawn to the lower functional the activity of the blood T-lymphocyte system in ectoparasites infested with fish, than those given antiparasitic drugs. From this it follows that the ability of the blood lymphocytes of the fish to which the drugs from the group were given of macrocyclic lactones, before pathogen binding and production of antigens the antibodies that neutralize them are much higher than the fish affected ectoparasites. The immune system in fish provides self-regulation through direct contact of cells (macrophages, neutrophils, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes) as well as due to humoral factors (lysozyme, complement). The use of drugs from the group of macrocyclic lactones promotes the release of infested fish from ectoparasites with the following normalization of their life, increase of immune status and resistance.
This study aims to determine the reproductive indices of three types of salmon fish: brown trout (Salmo trutta morfa fario Linnaeus (1758), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill, 1814) in aquaculture. For this purpose, 10 females and 10 males of each species were selected on an analogous basis and the main fishery-exteriors and reproductive characteristics were identified. The researching of relative fertility permit to establish that this indicator in brook trout females was 18.36% higher compared to rainbow trout, however, by 7.5% lower compared to the brown trout. It was found that brook trout eggs had less weight and size in comparison with other studied species. In particular, the weight and diameter of the eggs were 2.89 and 9.7% respectively lower than of rainbow trout, as well as 8.1 and 3.44% respectively lower compared to the brown trout. When studying the quantity of ejaculate, it was found that on average, brook trout males had 16.95% less of ejaculates compared to rainbow trout males, but 79.6% more than of brown trout males. When comparing the main indices of the brooders body of the studied species, it was found that the condition factor of the brook trout and rainbow trout females was quite high at 1.55–1.57, the brown trout one was 1.35, and the profile index respectively was 3.5, 3.52 and 4.0. The males' condition factor of brook trout, rainbow trout and brown trout was respectively 1.64, 1.52 and 1.35. Fishery-exteriors indicators met the requirements of brooders species and age specificity norms of the studied fish species.
The article shows the results of zooplankton research in the nursery ponds during the vegetation period in 2015 on the basis of the fish–breeding farms «Rudnyky» «Lviv oblrybokombinat» and «Velykyi Liubin» (Lviv research station of the Institute of Fisheries of NAAS of Ukraine). It is defined that researched ponds have 76 taxonomic units of zooplankton, represented by rotifers (Rotatoria) and crustaceans (Cladocera and Copepoda). Among certain hydrobionts, 36 species belong to the class Rotatoria, which is 46.4% of the total number of species. 24 species (32.4%)of crustaceans belong to the suborder Cladocera, and the least number – 16 species (21.2%) belongs to the order Copepoda. The identified species are mainly pond forms that can occur in rivers and lakes. The most represented genera are Asplanchna, Brachionus (rotifers); Ceriodaphnia, Daphnia (cladocerans), Acanthocyclops, Eudiaptomus (copepods). Zooplankton number and biomass fluctuations are caused by seasonal changes in its dynamics, fish press and hydrochemical regime in the ponds. The paper presents the results of the research of fishery indicators of carp fingerlings in the nursery ponds of farms in Lviv region. It was established that the fishery indicators were subjected to significant fluctuations depending on the natural forage base of ponds.
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