No abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengetahuan tentang pemanfaatan hewan berpotensi, pelestarian lingkungan oleh masyarakat Tengger. Mempelajari interaksi antara masyarakat dan lingkungannya dan aspek praktek, persepsi serta representasinya. Metode penelitian digunakan survei exploratif meliputi inventarisasi jenis hewan di kandang, lingkungan rumah, wilayah konservasi hutan Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru (TN.BTS) meliputi nama lokal dan nama ilmiah. Metode dengan teknik ethnodirect, sampling meliputi wawancara langsung, semistruktural terhadap penduduk, pemangku adat, dukun serta pengumpulan informasi dengan pendekatan bersifat partisipasif (participatory ethnobotanical appraisal, PEA). Jenis hewan peliharaan mempunyai nilai ekonomi dapat dipergunakan sumber bahan pangan bagi masyarakat Tengger. Pengetahuan keanekaragaman satwa liar dan binatang yang dimanfaatkan masyarakat Tengger meliputi 110 jenis, hanya sekitar 6% saja yang sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari rumah tangganya, diantaranya adalah untuk bahan pangan, ritual, obat-obatan, dan lain-lainnya.

ABSTRACT

Since homegardens reflect a culture of a particular ethnic group, the study in homegardens provide unique insights into ethnobotany. The Saibatin sub-tribe in Lampung has extensive uses for plants, but an ethnobotanical study of their homegardens are still lacking. This study aimed to describe the structure and composition of the Saibatin community homegarden and to explain the diversity of plants and the usage patterns through an ethnobotany perspective. The study also aimed to elaborate species with social-economic and ecological functions and to describe the overall functions of homegardens. Ethnobotanical data were collected using participant observation methods, which were complemented by questionnaires. We determined the key respondents and common respondents using the purposive sampling and snowball sampling method, while homegarden plant species diversity was identified using vegetation analysis methods. The results showed that 3 size categories of homegardens are present in this area, including narrow, medium, and broad. The homegarden structure consisted of hadap/tangebah (front yard), gelekhan (side yard), and kudan (backyard). Six types of habitus composed the homegarden structure, namely herbaceous, epiphytes, shrubs, trees, succulents, and vines. The homegarden species richness index (DMg) in Way Jambu Village (WJA) (17.34) was higher than Labuhan Mandi Village (LMA) (16.87). Even so, the homegarden plant diversity (H’) and evenness (J ) in LMA was higher than WJA. There were 16 plant usage categories used by the Saibatin community (WJA 15; LMA14). Foodstuffs were the usage category of homegardens with the highest number of species in both villages. The species ICS value ranges between the two villages were relatively similar. The highest ICS species in WJA was Cocos nucifera while in LMA was Cymbopogon citratus. By studying ethnobotany of Saibatin sub-tribe homegarden we conclude that the three main roles of the homegardens are to provide social-economic impacts, ecological services, and representing the cultural value of Saibatin community identity

The Kerinci community is an Indonesian indigenous people who live in Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province. They have local knowledge of the surrounding vegetation that has become a cultural unifying factor within the community. The study reported here aimed to analyze the importance of plants of particular cultural significance and to review efforts to conserve these plants based on Kerinci cultural values. The study was conducted for eight months from October 2013 to May 2014 at three locations chosen purposively, they were Lempur Baru Village, Lama Tamiai Village and Ulu Jernih Village. The data was obtained using a participatory observation approach, based on key informant interviews, while the assessment of plant distribution was based on a whole-of-community viewpoint. The research data consisted of data on the botany of the plants, on the utilization of the plants and on assessment of plant distribution. Analysis of data for 234 plant species used a formula for index of cultural significance (ICS) adopted from Turner (1988). The study showed that rice (Oryza sativa L.) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees & T.Nees) Blume) are important plant species with values for the Cultural Index of 59 and 57 respectively, while the species known as 'inggu' (Ruta angustifolia (L). Pers) had the lowest ICS, of 3. The 'Tri-Stimulus Amar' conservation analysis developed by Zuhud (2007) is seen as a useful model for considering the cultural values that motivate the Kerinci community's plant conservation actions.