We have investigated the efficiency of ion trapping in a linear Paul trap. First, we measured the dependence of trapping efficiency on dc and rf voltages using a channel electron multiplier for the direct detection of the electric current of the trapped ions. The most efficient dc and rf voltages were 5.0 and 175 V, respectively. Second, we calculated the trapping efficiency using a simulation code and compared it with the experimental results. We determined that the efficiency of ion trapping decreased monotonically with increasing dc voltage and had an optimum rf voltage. From the numerical calculation, the dependences of trapping efficiency on dc and rf voltages and the initial kinetic energy of ions was derived and the optimum dc and rf voltages and the initial kinetic energy of ions were found to be 0, 210 V, and 1 eV, respectively.
Dynamic software adaptation addresses software systems that need to change their behavior during execution. To address reuse in dynamic software adaptation, software adaptation patterns, also referred to as software reconfiguration patterns, have been developed. A software adaptation pattern defines how a set of components that make up an architecture or design pattern dynamically cooperate to change the software configuration to a new configuration given a set of adaptation commands. This paper describes a dynamic self-adaptation pattern for distributed transaction management in service-oriented applications.
Extensive clinical studies of Helicobacter pylori have shown this bacterium to be an important causative factor of peptic ulcer, particularly in its recurrence. Therefore, numerous therapeutic trials for the eradication of H. pylori have been reported. A recent trend in curative therapy has been so-called triple therapy, using a proton pump inhibitor and two different antimicrobials. 1 Sucralfate, which is a widely used cytoprotective agent for the gastric mucosa, is reported to inhibit several of the activities of H. pylori and to enhance the anti-H. pylori activity of antimicrobial agents. 2±11 Therefore, several studies of sucralfate-based eradication therapy have been reported recently. 12±18 However, the ef®cacy and safety of sucralfate-based therapy are still controversial. 19±20 The present study was designed to evaluate the ef®cacy and safety of sucralfate in combination with amoxycillin and clarithromycin as eradication therapy for H. pylori, in comparison with lansoprazole-based triple therapy.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
PatientsThis study was designed as a prospective, randomized, multicentre study, and was carried out in accordance SUMMARY Background: Sucralfate has an inhibitory action against Helicobacter pylori and enhances the anti-H. pylori activity of antimicrobials. Aim: To evaluate the ef®cacy and safety of sucralfatebased eradication therapy for H. pylori infection, compared with that based on lansoprazole, in a randomized multicentre study. Subjects and methods: The subjects were 150 H. pyloripositive patients. They were randomly assigned to one of two regimens for 2 weeks: sucralfate 1 g t.d.s., amoxycillin 500 mg t.
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