The present review aimed to summarize the effectiveness and features of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of infectious diseases and to discuss the limitation of the development of TCM. The personalized medicine with TCM exerts a curative effect on viral and bacterial infectious diseases with unique advantages on the improvement of clinical manifestation, pathogen inhibition, and organ recovery during severe and drug‐resistant infection. The deficiency of personalized medicine with TCM lies in that the current research design of TCM primarily focuses on the study of the effective components and material basis of Chinese herbs at the cellular, molecular, and genetic level, while ignoring the guidance of the TCM syndrome differentiation theory, which is the core concept of individualized treatment. Personalized medicine with TCM has a broad prospective for infectious diseases due to the specific efficacy and advantages. While the curative effect of individualized treatment with TCM cannot be excluded from the TCM syndrome differentiation theory, the study of personalized medicine with TCM for infectious diseases urgently requires a unified standardization of the clinical syndrome differentiation and the evolution rule of infectious diseases by TCM theory.

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The dormancy-associated MADS-box (DAM) genes PpDAM5 and PpDAM6 have been shown to play important roles in bud endodormancy; however, their molecular regulatory mechanism in peach is unclear. In this study, by use of yeast one-hybrid screening, we isolated a TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR transcription factor, PpTCP20, in the peach cultivar ‘Zhongyou 4’ (Prunus persica var. nectarina). The protein was localized in the nucleus and was capable of forming a homodimer. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that PpTCP20 binds to a GCCCR element in the promoters of PpDAM5 and PpDAM6, and transient dual luciferase experiments showed that PpTCP20 inhibited the expression of PpDAM5 and PpDAM6 as the period of the release of flower bud endodormancy approached. In addition, PpTCP20 interacted with PpABF2 to form heterodimers to regulate bud endodormancy, and the content of abscisic acid decreased with the release of endodormancy. PpTCP20 also inhibited expression of PpABF2 to regulate endodormancy. Taken together, our results suggest that PpTCP20 regulates peach flower bud endodormancy by negatively regulating the expression of PpDAM5 and PpDAM6, and by interacting with PpABF2, thus revealing a novel regulatory mechanism in a perennial deciduous tree.

In a previous study we identified EARLY BUD BREAK 1 (EBB1), an ERF transcription factor, in peach (Prunus persica var. nectarina cultivar Zhongyou 4); however, little is known of how PpEBB1 may regulate bud break. To verify the function of PpEBB1 in bud break, PpEBB1 was transiently transformed into peach buds, resulting in early bud break. Bud break occurred earlier in PpEBB1-oe poplar (Populus trichocarpa) obtained by heterologous transformation than in wild type (WT), consistent with the peach bud results, indicating that PpEBB1 can promote bud break. To explore how PpEBB1 affects bud break, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between WT and PpEBB1-oe poplar plants were identified by RNA-sequencing. The expression of DEGs associated with hormone metabolism, cell cycle, and cell wall modifications changed substantially according to qRT-PCR. Auxin, ABA, and total trans-zeatin-type cytokinin levels were higher in the PpEBB1-oe plants than in WT plants, while the total N6-(Δ 2-isopentenyl)-adenine-type cytokinins was lower. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays verified that a cell wall modification-related protein (PpEXBL1) interacted with PpEBB1 suggesting that PpEBB1 could interact with these cell wall modification proteins directly. Overall, our study proposed a multifaceted explanation for how PpEBB1 regulates bud break and showed that PpEBB1 promotes bud break by regulating hormone metabolism, the cell cycle, and cell wall modifications.

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High K+ and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) evoked L-[3H]noradrenaline (NA) release to a similar degree in the brain slices of 1-month-old senescence-accelerated resistant mice (SAM-R/1) and senescence-accelerated prone mice (SAM-P/8). However, 30 mM KCl-induced L-[3H]NA release significantly diminished in SAM-P/8 from 3 to 12 months without changing in SAM-R/1. In addition, NMDA-induced L-[3H]NA release was also reduced at 3 months and lowered to a level of spontaneous release at 12 months in SAM-P/8, but no age-related changes in SAM-R/1 were observed. It is suggested that NA release from NA nerve terminals responsive to depolarization is reduced in SAM-P/8 at an earlier stage than in SAM-R/1. Furthermore, NMDA receptors which could be localized in the soma and/or nerve terminals, seem to be involved in NA release and to be decreased with advancing age in SAM-P/8.

Using density functional theory, it is shown that titanium doped heterofullerene has superior property of hydrogen storage. The single titanium atom lies at a double bond position of C60 and bonds to four carbons by Dewar interaction. Each titanium atom binds up to six hydrogen molecules. The first and second hydrogen molecules are dissociated to form carbon hydrides with binding energy of −0.43 eV/H. The other four adsorptions are molecular with binding energy of −0.14 eV/H2. For substitutionally dope C60 with six titanium atoms, the gravimetric density of hydrogen reaches the 7.7 wt % limit necessary for applications in the mobile industry.

The porous polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membranes were prepared via the thermally induced phase separation process using mixed diluent. The effects of take-up speed on the structure of membranes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The membrane properties were measured in terms of the pure water flux, porosity, and mechanical properties. The results showed that the cross-sectional structure of membrane had an obvious change and presented a uniform structure when TS increased to 72 m min À1 , whereas the membrane made from TS <41 m min À presented an interconnected aggregation structure. However, the change of surface structure of all membranes was hardly observed. In addition, the strength and elongation of breakage of membrane increased obviously with the increase of TS, whereas the pure water flux and porosity changed slightly.