AimsTo investigate workplace violence and nurse outcomes by comparing gender differences.DesignA secondary analysis of cross‐sectional survey data.MethodsWorkplace violence was measured by four items from the International Hospital Outcome Study. Nurse outcomes were measured by tools including burnout, job satisfaction and intention to stay. We used propensity score matching to generate a sociodemographic balanced dataset of 108 male and 288 female nurses. A hypothetical relationship model was derived from the affective events theory. Comparative statistics and multi‐group structural equation modelling were conducted to analyze gender differences. Data were collected in China from December 2013 – August 2014.ResultsMale nurses reported more workplace violence from staff and less intention to stay than females. Besides finding the mediation of burnout sharing with female nurses consistent with the affective events theory, workplace violence was directly linked to less intention to stay in male nurses.ConclusionMale nurses experience more workplace violence by staff than female nurses. Besides responding emotionally to workplace violence like female nurses, male nurses also respond behaviourally.ImpactWhat problem did the study address? Gender differences in workplace violence and its relationship to nurse outcomes. What were the main findings? Male nurses experienced more workplace violence than female nurses, linked directly to less intention to stay. Workplace violence linked to less job satisfaction and intention to stay in nurses was mediated by burnout. Where and on whom will the research have impact? Gender‐based prevention of and coping with workplace violence should be included in nursing training.
Background: Increasing evidences indicated that diabetes might increase the incidence of gallbladder cancer. However, no sufficient data has ever clarified the impact of diabetes on the survival of patients with gallbladder cancer. Methods: We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases through July 2019 in order to find sufficient eligible researches. The pooled hazard risks (HRs) and relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with either fix-effects or random-effects model. Due to the low gallbladder cancer mortality in general population, the RRs and standard mortality ratios (SMRs) were considered the similar estimates of the HRs. Results: Ten eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. Analysis of eight cohorts found that diabetes was closely associated with the mortality of gallbladder cancer (HR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.06-1.14; P < 0.00001). However, the mortality in male diabetes patients was not higher than female patients (RR = 1.08, 95%CI = 0.57-2.04, P = 0.80). Conclusions: These findings indicated that diabetes patients had a higher mortality of gallbladder cancer compared with non-diabetes.
This study was carried out to evaluate growth and development and difference between size and weights of three quail species namely China yellow quail, Beijing white quail and Korea quail. Various parameters in respect of these species like shank length, chest width, chest depth, breastbone length, shank circumference, body length, daily weight gain and weight were recorded under similar feeding conditions. The data so obtained was analysed statistically using SPSS. It was revealed that the body weight, shank length, chest width, chest depth, breastbone length, body length, shank circumference and daily gain of Korea quail are significantly higher (P£0.05) than those of China yellow quail and Beijing white quail. It was concluded the Korea quail grows fastest, followed by China yellow quail and Beijing white quail, successively.
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