A growing body of research suggests that cultures differ in the tendency to prefer dispositional or situational explanations for behavior. However, little work has examined whether cultural differences exist in the tendency to infer that people’s dispositions correspond to their behavior (the correspondence bias). Two experiments, one using the attitude attribution paradigm and one using the quizmaster paradigm, investigated the correspondence bias in individualist and collectivist cultures. As predicted, significant correspondence bias effects were found in both cultures. Moreover, no cultural difference emerged. Explanations and implications are discussed.
With the growing concerns about environmental pollution, climate change, and the global fossil energy crisis, research and development of renewable clean energies has received more attention. The sun as one of the renewable energy sources is the most potent source for human kind. This is because the solar radiation that reaches the Earth surface is about 1.2 × 10 5 TW, which is far greater than the energy consumed by humans [1,2].The most common way to utilize solar energy is to convert it into two easily harnessed forms; electricity and thermal energy. Apart from photovoltaic (PV) which can convert solar radiations to electricity directly, thermal energy also can be converted to electricity, and one promising method is utilizing the thermoelectric generator (TEG). Thermoelectric (TE) devices have many advantages such as gas-free emissions, solid-state operation, maintenance-free operation without any moving parts and chemical reactions, vast scalability, a long life span of reliable operation and no damage to the environment. Therefore, the combination of PV and TE could be considered to produce more electricity.Combining a photovoltaic module and a solar thermoelectric generator would enable photons outside the range of a particular solar cell's narrow absorption wavelength to be directed to the TE modules which generates electricity by the thermoelectric effect. Doing this would allow energy conversion efficiency to be increased while simultaneously reducing the heat dissipated by the PV module. This paper presents a detailed review of the current state of art in solar photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid system for electricity generation. It begins with the analysis of the groundwork and feasibility of PV-TE system. An overview of the two main types and Review
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