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A spent-graphite-based functional interlayer was developed for the first time for use in Li–S batteries, utilizing the intrinsic properties of recovered graphite.

The continuous growth of the solid–electrolyte interface (SEI) and material crushing are the fundamental issues that hinder the application of Ge anodes in lithium‐ion batteries. Solving Ge deformation crushing during discharge/charge cycles is challenging using conventional carbon coating modification methods. Due to the chemical stability and high melting point of carbon (3500 °C), Ge/carbon hybridization at the atomic level is challenging. By selecting a suitable carbon source and introducing an active medium, we have achieved the Ge/carbon doping at the atom‐level, and this Ge/carbon anode shows excellent electrochemical performance. The reversible capacity is maintained at 1127 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles (2 A g−1 (2–71 cycles), 4 A g−1 (72–1000 cycles)) with a retention of 84 % compared to the second cycle. The thickness of the SEI is only 17.4 nm after 1000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance and stable SEI fully reflect the application potential of this material.

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The cyclo-dehydrogenation of ethylene diamine and propylene glycol to 2-methylpyrazine was performed under the atmospheric conditions at 380°C. The Cr-promoted Cu-Zn/Al 2 O 3 catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by ICP-AES, N 2 adsorption/desorption, XRD, XPS, N 2 O chemisorption, TPR and NH 3 -TPD techniques. The amorphous chromium species existing in Cu-Zn-Cr/Al 2 O 3 catalyst enhanced the dispersion of active component Cu, promoted the reduction of catalyst. Furthermore, the catalytic performance was significantly improved. The acidity of the catalyst played an important role in increasing the 2-MP selectivity. To optimize the reaction parameters, influences of different chromium content, reaction temperature, liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV), reactants molar ratio and time on stream on the product pattern were studied. The results demonstrated that addition of chromium promoter revealed satisfying catalytic activity, stability and selectivity of 2-methylpyrazine.

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Three-dimensional (3D) SnS 2 nanoarrays were obtained by oriented-growth of nanosheets on 3D porous carbon substrates derived from Co-based zeolitic imidazolate framework, ZIF-67. With the structure advantages of shortened ion diffusion length, high stress relief volume and enhanced conductivity, the 3D SnS 2 nanoarrays display favorable lithium-ion storage properties, possessing a high reversible capacity (658 mAh g À 1 at 100 mA g À 1 , after 100 cycles) and outstanding rate property (651 mAh g À 1 at 3 A g À 1). This strategy paves a method for designing other 3D metal sulfides nanoarrays for energy storage application.