Three‐Dimensional SnS₂ Nanoarrays with Enhanced Lithium‐Ion Storage Properties

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) SnS 2 nanoarrays were obtained by oriented-growth of nanosheets on 3D porous carbon substrates derived from Co-based zeolitic imidazolate framework, ZIF-67. With the structure advantages of shortened ion diffusion length, high stress relief volume and enhanced conductivity, the 3D SnS 2 nanoarrays display favorable lithium-ion storage properties, possessing a high reversible capacity (658 mAh g À 1 at 100 mA g À 1 , after 100 cycles) and outstanding rate property (651 mAh g À 1 at 3 A g À 1). This strategy paves a method for designing other 3D metal sulfides nanoarrays for energy storage application.

Principles of Design and Synthesis of Metal Derivatives from MOFs

“…[215] Following MOF conversion, carbon generally can be removed only by oxidation at >300 °C as it is resistant to other conversion methods, including solvothermal conversion [213] and acid etching. [216] MOF conversions performed in air that inevitably remove carbon can utilize ex situ carbon sources during subsequent conversion for its reintroduction. Wang et al [217] used Co and FcDC to produce hollow MOF spheres and, upon conversion in air at 340 °C, the MOF was completely converted to CoFe 2 O 4 .…”

“…When the MOF is the source of in situ carbon structures, they can be impregnated using ex situ sources of metal. Shi et al [216] produced SnS 2 on porous carbon by decomposing ZIF-67(Co), thereby forming C(Co), followed by removal of Co by acid etching. The SnS 2 MD was grown directly on the porous carbon by solvothermal synthesis with SnCl 4 and TAA.…”

“…The SnS 2 MD was grown directly on the porous carbon by solvothermal synthesis with SnCl 4 and TAA. However, the introduction of ex situ carbon [217] or metal [216] results in MDs only at the surface, covering up the porous carbon, reducing the available surface area. For example, the BET surface area of the SnS 2 MD synthesized by Shi et al [216] decreased from 306 m 2 g −1 for the MOF-derived porous carbon to 28 m 2 g −1 for the SnS 2 /C.…”

“…Shi et al. [ 216 ] produced SnS 2 on porous carbon by decomposing ZIF‐67(Co), thereby forming C(Co), followed by removal of Co by acid etching. The SnS 2 MD was grown directly on the porous carbon by solvothermal synthesis with SnCl 4 and TAA.…”

“…For example, the BET surface area of the SnS 2 MD synthesized by Shi et al. [ 216 ] decreased from 306 m 2 g −1 for the MOF‐derived porous carbon to 28 m 2 g −1 for the SnS 2 /C.…”