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Purpose: To discuss effects of Hederin (Hed) to tooth movement process in rats. Materials and methods: 54 rats were divided into Model and Hed groups at 7 d, 14 d and 21 d, establishment of rat tooth movement model, the Hed and Model group injected Hed [5 mg/(kg· d)] and equal volume normal saline intraperitoneally respectively, Take the medicine regularly every night. After 14 days, 9 rats in each group were killed, BV/TV, Tb. SP and trabecular number (Tb. N) were measured by Mirco CT. Using TRAP staining and HE staining to observe osteoclasts number and pathology change. The relative protein expressions were measured by SP staining. Results: Compared with Model group, BV/TV and Tb.N were significantly down-regulation and Tb.Sp was significantly up-regulation in Hed group (P < 0.05, respectively); meanwhile, tooth movement and osteoclast number were significantly improved in Hed groups at 7 d, 14 d and 21 d (P <0.05, respectively). By SP staining, compared with Model group, ADRB2 and RANKL proteins expression were significantly enhanced at 7 d, 14 d and 21 d (P <0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Hed could promote alveolar bone resorption and increase the expression of ADRB2 and RANKL during orthodontic tooth movement.

Background We aimed to explore saliva microbiome alterations in dental fluorosis population. Methods The prevalence of dental fluorosis was examined in 957 college students. Dean’s fluorosis index was used to evaluate the dental fluorosis status. Changes in the composition of the salivary microbiome were assessed in a subset of these patients (100 healthy controls, 100 dental fluorosis patients). Results Dental fluorosis affected 47% of the student sample, and incidence was unrelated to gender. Compared with healthy controls, the microbiota of patients with dental fluorosis exhibited increased diversity, with increased abundance of Treponema lecithinolyticum, Vibrio metschnikovii , Cupriavidus pauculus , Pseudomonas , Pseudomonadaceae , Pseudomonadales , and decreased abundance of Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus sanguinis , Gemella , and Staphylococcales . Function analyses showed increases in arginine biosynthesis in patients affected by dental fluorosis, together with reductions in amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Conclusions These results suggest that there are striking differences in salivary microbiome between healthy controls and dental fluorosis patients. Dental fluorosis may contribute to periodontitis and systemic lung diseases. There is a need for cohort studies to determine whether altering the salivary microbiota in dental fluorosis patients can alter the development of oral or systemic diseases.

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