A simple, efficient, and green chitosan-assisted liquid-solid extraction method was developed for the sample preparation of isoquinoline derivative alkaloids followed by microemulsion LC. The optimized mobile phase consisted of 0.8% w/v of ethyl acetate, 1.0% w/v of SDS, 8.0% w/v of n-butanol, 0.1% v/v acetic acid, and 10% v/v ACN. Compared to pharmacopoeia method and organic solvent extraction, this new approach avoided the use of volatile organic solvents, replacing them with relatively small amounts of chitosan. Under the optimum conditions, good linearity (r > 0.9980) for all calibration curves and low detection limits between 0.05 and 0.10 μg/mL were achieved. The presented procedure was successfully applied to determine alkaloids in Rhizoma coptidis with satisfactory recoveries (81.3-106.4%).
QZR may affect CIA by stimulating multiple genes and targets, which are related to oncogenes, apoptosis, metabolism, the immune system, ion channels, and transport proteins.
Synoviocyte proliferation and apoptosis reduction were present in CIA rats. WJR was effective in treating the rat model of CIA. The therapeutic effect might be exerted through inducing apoptosis and suppressing proliferation of synoviocytes.
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