Articles you may be interested inFabrication of low-gate-current triode field emitters with planar carbon nanoparticle cathodes Triode field emitter with a gated planar carbon-nanoparticle cathode Simulation studies for the field electron emission from double-gate emitters with planar cathodes were carried out using the finite-element method, the Fowler-Nordheim field-emission equation, and the equation of motion for electrons. We systematically investigated radial position dependence of electric field, radial distribution of emission current, and trajectories of emitted electrons for various double-gate geometries and bias configurations. In particular, we studied the simplest operation mode of double-gate emitters, grounding both the cathode and the second gate adjacent to it, and the dependence of emission-electron focusing on the vertical position and the negative biasing of the second gate in detail. The flexibility in double-gate-emitter operation due to the separate control of electron emission and focusing was also discussed.
Articles you may be interested inHigh-current, low-cost field emission triode using a reticulated vitreous carbon cathode J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 28, C2C37 (2010); 10.1116/1.3305455Double-gate field emitters with planar carbon-nanoparticle cathodes: Simulation studiesWe modified the structure of triode field emitters with planar carbon nanoparticle cathodes to reduce the gate currents. As it turned out, a simple insertion of an extra metal layer between the gate insulator and the cathode layer was sufficient for the substantial reduction of gate currents; the gate currents of the triode emitter with the modified structure never exceeded 4% of the anode currents up to anode currents of ϳ250 nA, corresponding to a gate voltage of 67 V and an anode voltage 900 V. The fabrication of the modified triode structure required only four extra processing steps, compared to that of conventional triode structure, while using only conventional photolithography with a single mask. We were able to account for the gate-current reduction in terms of the modification in the electric field distribution.
We fabricated a triode field emitter with a normal gate structure and a planar cathode of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), which consisted of good quality graphitic sheets encapsulating metal (carbide) cores. For the quantitative analysis of the emission from the CNP triode emitter, we carried out a two-dimensional numerical calculation of electrostatic potential using the finite element method. As it turned out, a radial variation of electric field was very important to account for the emission from a planar emitting layer. By assuming the work function of 5 eV for CNPs, a set of consistent Fowler–Nordheim parameters, together with the radial position of emitting sites, were determined.
Articles you may be interested inSelf-aligned cathodes in recessed geometry for reduced gate currents in nanostructured carbon triodes Fabrication of low-gate-current triode field emitters with planar carbon nanoparticle cathodes Triode field emitter with a gated planar carbon-nanoparticle cathode Triode field emitters with planar-carbon-nanopaticle ͑CNP͒ cathodes were successfully fabricated using the conventional photolithography and the hot-filament chemical vapor deposition. Micro-Raman spectroscopy revealed that CNP cathodes, which had been deposited through tiny gate holes, consisted of good-quality graphitic carbons. Electron emission from a CNP triode emitter with a 12-m-diam gate hole started at the gate voltage of 45 V, and the anode current reached the level of ϳ120 nA at the gate voltage of 60 V, respectively. For the quantitative analysis of the Fowler-Nordheim ͑FN͒ type emission from a CNP triode emitter, we carried out two-dimensional numerical calculation of electrostatic potential using the finite element method. As it turned out, a radial variation of electric field was very important to account for the emission from a planar emitting layer. By assuming the graphitic work function of 5 eV for CNPs, we were able to extract a consistent set of FN parameters, together with the radial position of emitting sites.
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