Articles you may be interested inFabrication of low-gate-current triode field emitters with planar carbon nanoparticle cathodes Triode field emitter with a gated planar carbon-nanoparticle cathode Simulation studies for the field electron emission from double-gate emitters with planar cathodes were carried out using the finite-element method, the Fowler-Nordheim field-emission equation, and the equation of motion for electrons. We systematically investigated radial position dependence of electric field, radial distribution of emission current, and trajectories of emitted electrons for various double-gate geometries and bias configurations. In particular, we studied the simplest operation mode of double-gate emitters, grounding both the cathode and the second gate adjacent to it, and the dependence of emission-electron focusing on the vertical position and the negative biasing of the second gate in detail. The flexibility in double-gate-emitter operation due to the separate control of electron emission and focusing was also discussed.
Fabrication of low-gate-current triode field emitters with planar carbon nanoparticle cathodesWe designed and fabricated triode emitters with self-aligned cathodes in recessed geometry to reduce gate currents. Both the self-aligned carbon-nanoparticle and carbon-nanotube cathodes in recessed-cathode triode structure showed substantial gate-current reduction. However, tiny gate currents, a few percent of anode currents, persisted as long as there was gate overhang in triode emitters with recessed-cathode structure, and we were able to reduce gate currents to negligible level only after removing gate overhang. We elucidated the near-complete gate-current reduction of recessed-cathode triodes without gate overhang via two-dimensional electron-trajectory simulation based on numerical calculation of electrostatic potential using the commercial finite-element-method code ANSYS.
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